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We present a computational explainability approach for human comparison tasks, using Alignment Importance Score (AIS) heatmaps derived from deep-vision models. The AIS reflects a feature-map's unique contribution to the alignment between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Nhut Truong , Dario Pesenti , Uri Hasson

Deep learning models are notoriously opaque. Existing explanation methods often focus on localized visual explanations for individual images. Concept-based explanations, while offering global insights, require extensive annotations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Kunal Rathore , Prasad Tadepalli

Time series forecasting is an important yet challenging task. Though deep learning methods have recently been developed to give superior forecasting results, it is crucial to improve the interpretability of time series models. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Qingyi Pan , Wenbo Hu , Jun Zhu

Most efforts in interpretability in deep learning have focused on (1) extracting explanations of a specific downstream task in relation to the input features and (2) imposing constraints on the model, often at the expense of predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Marco Bertolini , Djork-Arné Clevert , Floriane Montanari

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) attempts to develop methods that provide insight into how complicated machine learning methods make predictions. Many methods of explanation have focused on the concept of feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Kurt Butler , Guanchao Feng , Petar M. Djuric

For machine learning models to be reliable and trustworthy, their decisions must be interpretable. As these models find increasing use in safety-critical applications, it is important that not just the model predictions but also their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Sandesh Kamath , Sankalp Mittal , Amit Deshpande , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Data attribution methods trace model behavior back to its training dataset, offering an effective approach to better understand ''black-box'' neural networks. While prior research has established quantifiable links between model output and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tong Xie , Haoyu Li , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Deep neural networks are very successful on many vision tasks, but hard to interpret due to their black box nature. To overcome this, various post-hoc attribution methods have been proposed to identify image regions most influential to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sukrut Rao , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

Deep learning models have grown increasingly popular in time series applications. However, the large quantity of newly proposed architectures, together with often contradictory empirical results, makes it difficult to assess which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Valentina Moretti , Andrea Cini , Ivan Marisca , Cesare Alippi

Feature attribution methods promise to identify which input features matter for a model output. In generative language models, however, it is often unclear what should count as a feature in the first place. In autoregressive language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Giang Nguyen

Extrapolation -- the ability to make inferences that go beyond the scope of one's experiences -- is a hallmark of human intelligence. By contrast, the generalization exhibited by contemporary neural network algorithms is largely limited to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Taylor W. Webb , Zachary Dulberg , Steven M. Frankland , Alexander A. Petrov , Randall C. O'Reilly , Jonathan D. Cohen

Feature attribution is often loosely presented as the process of selecting a subset of relevant features as a rationale of a prediction. Task-dependent by nature, precise definitions of "relevance" encountered in the literature are however…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin , Vincent Guigue

Data attribution methods aim to quantify the influence of individual training samples on the prediction of artificial intelligence (AI) models. As training data plays an increasingly crucial role in the modern development of large-scale AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Junwei Deng , Ting-Wei Li , Shiyuan Zhang , Shixuan Liu , Yijun Pan , Hao Huang , Xinhe Wang , Pingbang Hu , Xingjian Zhang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Action Units (AUs) are geometrically-based atomic facial muscle movements known to produce appearance changes at specific facial locations. Motivated by this observation we propose a novel AU modelling problem that consists of jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Ioanna Ntinou , Enrique Sanchez , Adrian Bulat , Michel Valstar , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Attribution methods shed light on the explainability of data-driven approaches such as deep learning models by uncovering the most influential features in a to-be-explained decision. While determining feature attributions via gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Yi Cai , Gerhard Wunder

Interpretation and explanation of deep models is critical towards wide adoption of systems that rely on them. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for both interpretation as well as explanation in which, given a pretrained model, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Jose Oramas , Kaili Wang , Tinne Tuytelaars

Regression problems with time-series predictors are common in banking and many other areas of application. In this paper, we use multi-head attention networks to develop interpretable features and use them to achieve good predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Tianjie Wang , Jie Chen , Joel Vaughan , Vijayan N. Nair

There are numerous methods for detecting anomalies in time series, but that is only the first step to understanding them. We strive to exceed this by explaining those anomalies. Thus we develop a novel attribution scheme for multivariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-15 Violeta Teodora Trifunov , Maha Shadaydeh , Björn Barz , Joachim Denzler

It is difficult to use subsampling with variational inference in hierarchical models since the number of local latent variables scales with the dataset. Thus, inference in hierarchical models remains a challenge at large scale. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Abhinav Agrawal , Justin Domke

Attribution methods assess the contribution of inputs to the model prediction. One way to do so is erasure: a subset of inputs is considered irrelevant if it can be removed without affecting the prediction. Though conceptually simple,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Nicola De Cao , Michael Schlichtkrull , Wilker Aziz , Ivan Titov