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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods help to understand the internal mechanism of machine learning models and how they reach a specific decision or made a specific action. The list of informative features is one of the most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ahmed M Salih

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research field bringing transparency to highly complex and opaque machine learning (ML) models. Despite the development of a multitude of methods to explain the decisions of black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Leander Weber , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek

While a vast collection of explainable AI (XAI) algorithms have been developed in recent years, they are often criticized for significant gaps with how humans produce and consume explanations. As a result, current XAI techniques are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Vivian Lai , Yiming Zhang , Chacha Chen , Q. Vera Liao , Chenhao Tan

Explainable AI (XAI) is paramount in industry-grade AI; however existing methods fail to address this necessity, in part due to a lack of standardisation of explainability methods. The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Othman Benchekroun , Adel Rahimi , Qini Zhang , Tetiana Kodliuk

Language Models (LMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and enabled remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet their black-box nature raises critical concerns about the interpretability of their internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Avash Palikhe , Zichong Wang , Zhipeng Yin , Rui Guo , Qiang Duan , Jie Yang , Wenbin Zhang

AI systems have seen significant adoption in various domains. At the same time, further adoption in some domains is hindered by inability to fully trust an AI system that it will not harm a human. Besides the concerns for fairness, privacy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Amit Sheth , Manas Gaur , Kaushik Roy , Keyur Faldu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly integrating into various aspects of our daily lives, influencing decision-making processes in areas such as targeted advertising and matchmaking algorithms. As AI systems become increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Md. Tanzib Hosain , Mehedi Hasan Anik , Sadman Rafi , Rana Tabassum , Khaleque Insia , Md. Mehrab Siddiky

Most of state of the art methods applied on time series consist of deep learning methods that are too complex to be interpreted. This lack of interpretability is a major drawback, as several applications in the real world are critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Thomas Rojat , Raphaël Puget , David Filliat , Javier Del Ser , Rodolphe Gelin , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Cybersecurity vendors consistently apply AI (Artificial Intelligence) to their solutions and many cybersecurity domains can benefit from AI technology. However, black-box AI techniques present some difficulties in comprehension and adoption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Carlos Mendes , Tatiane Nogueira Rios

The growing adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare has raised concerns about the transparency and trustworthiness of AI-driven medical diagnosis systems. Many existing models operate as black boxes, limiting clinicians' ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Altynbek Seitenov , Ainur Nurzhanova , Azhar Bekbussinova , Yerassyl Bolatkan

As AI-powered systems increasingly mediate consequential decision-making, their explainability is critical for end-users to take informed and accountable actions. Explanations in human-human interactions are socially-situated. AI systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Upol Ehsan , Q. Vera Liao , Michael Muller , Mark O. Riedl , Justin D. Weisz

Artificial intelligence methods are being increasingly applied across various domains, but their often opaque nature has raised concerns about accountability and trust. In response, the field of explainable AI (XAI) has emerged to address…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ryan Zhou , Jaume Bacardit , Alexander Brownlee , Stefano Cagnoni , Martin Fyvie , Giovanni Iacca , John McCall , Niki van Stein , David Walker , Ting Hu

XAI with natural language processing aims to produce human-readable explanations as evidence for AI decision-making, which addresses explainability and transparency. However, from an HCI perspective, the current approaches only focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Jialin Yu , Alexandra I. Cristea , Anoushka Harit , Zhongtian Sun , Olanrewaju Tahir Aduragba , Lei Shi , Noura Al Moubayed

Research into explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for data analysis tasks suffer from a large number of contradictions and lack of concrete design recommendations stemming from gaps in understanding the tasks that require AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hamzah Ziadeh , Hendrik Knoche

Although several post-hoc methods for explainable AI have been developed, most are static and neglect the user perspective, limiting their effectiveness for the target audience. In response, we developed the interactive explainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Pauline Speckmann , Mario Nadj , Christian Janiesch

Explainable AI (XAI) is frequently positioned as a technical problem of revealing the inner workings of an AI model. This position is affected by unexamined onto-epistemological assumptions: meaning is treated as immanent to the model, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Fabio Morreale , Joan Serrà , Yuki Mitsufuji

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become tightly integrated into modern technology, yet existing exploratory visualizations for explainable AI (XAI) are primarily designed for users with technical expertise. This leaves everyday users, who…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yuzhe You , Jian Zhao

Generative AI (GenAI) marked a shift from AI being able to recognize to AI being able to generate solutions for a wide variety of tasks. As the generated solutions and applications become increasingly more complex and multi-faceted, novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Johannes Schneider

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has recently gained a swell of interest, as many Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners and developers are compelled to rationalize how such AI-based systems work. Decades back, most XAI systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Muhammad Suffian , Muhammad Yaseen Khan , Alessandro Bogliolo