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The notion of time is derived as a parameter of statistical ensemble representing the underlying system. Varying population numbers of microstates in statistical ensemble result in different expectation values corresponding to different…

General Physics · Physics 2011-11-29 Sergei Viznyuk

The basic workings of inflationary models are summarized, along with the arguments that strongly suggest that our universe is the product of inflation. The mechanisms that lead to eternal inflation in both new and chaotic models are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alan H. Guth

I present the theoretical evidence which suggests that gravity is an emergent phenomenon like gas dynamics or elasticity with the gravitational field equations having the same status as, say, the equations of fluid dynamics/elasticity. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-13 T. Padmanabhan

Penrose conjectured a connection between entropy and Weyl curvature of the Universe. This is plausible, as the almost homogeneous and isotropic Universe at the onset of structure formation has negligible Weyl curvature, which then grows…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-06-13 Nan Li , Thomas Buchert , Akio Hosoya , Masaaki Morita , Dominik J. Schwarz

We consider populations structured by a phenotypic trait and a space variable, in a non-homogeneous environment. In the case of sex- ual populations, we are able to derive models close to existing mod- els in theoretical biology, from a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-05-11 Sepideh Mirrahimi , Gael Raoul

The time evolution of the universe is usually mathematically described under a continuous time and thus time reversible. Here, the consequences of studying the evolution of a homogenous isotropic universe by time continuous reversible…

General Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Roland Riek

We analyze spacetimes with horizons and study the thermodynamic aspects of causal horizons, suggesting that the resemblance between gravitational and thermodynamic systems has a deeper quantum mechanical origin. We find that the observer…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-03 Eric M Howard

Phenotypically structured equations arise in population biology to describe the interaction of species with their environment that brings the nutrients. This interaction usually leads to selection of the fittest individuals. Models used in…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-06-18 Alexander Lorz , Benoit Perthame

General non-singular accelerating cosmological solutions for an initial cosmic period of pure vacuum birth era are derived. This vacuum era is described by a varying cosmological "constant" suggested by the Renormalisation Group flow of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-23 Georgios Kofinas , Vasilios Zarikas

The concept of entropy, firstly introduced in information theory, rapidly became popular in many applied sciences via Shannon's formula to measure the degree of heterogeneity among observations. A rather recent research field aims at…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-20 Linda Altieri , Daniela Cocchi , Giulia Roli

In the paper the memory effect in the system consisting from a trajectory of process and an environment is considered. The environment is presented by scalar potential and noise. The evolution of system is interpreted as process of the…

General Physics · Physics 2008-01-28 Maxim Budaev

The bulk viscosity of cosmological fluid and the creation of cold dark matter both result in the generation of irreversible entropy (related to dissipative processes) in a homogeneous and isotropic universe. To consider such effects, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-16 Nobuyoshi Komatsu , Shigeo Kimura

The division by N! in the expression of statistical entropy is usually justified to students by the statement that classical particles should be counted as indistinguishable. Sometimes, quantum indistinguishability is invoked to explain it.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-24 Sergio Di Matteo

Galaxy evolution is commonly described through the time evolution of observational statistics such as luminosity functions and stellar mass functions. However, these quantities are projections of an underlying multivariate galaxy state…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-01 Tsutomu T. Takeuchi

Populations are made up of an integer number of individuals and are subject to stochastic birth-death processes whose rates may vary in time. Useful quantities, like the chance of ultimate fixation, satisfy an appropriate difference…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-22 Jayant Pande , Nadav M. Shnerb

We introduce a population-age-time (PAT) model which describes the temporal evolution of the population distribution in age. The surprising result is that the qualitative nature of the population distribution dynamics is robust with respect…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-30 Z. C. Feng , Y. Charles Li

We note that the observable part of universe at a certain time t_P is necessarily limited, when there is a beginning of universe. We argue that an appropriate spacetime region associated with an observer from tI to t_P is the causal diamond…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-12 Dongsu Bak

We describe the dynamics of a cosmological term in the spherically symmetric case by an r-dependent second rank symmetric tensor \Lambda_{\mu\nu} invariant under boosts in the radial direction. The cosmological tensor \Lambda_{\mu\nu}…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Irina Dymnikova

Quantum mechanics is derived as an application of the method of maximum entropy. No appeal is made to any underlying classical action principle whether deterministic or stochastic. Instead, the basic assumption is that in addition to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ariel Caticha

Quantum measurement predictions are consistent with relativity for macroscopic observations, but there is no consensus on how to explain this consistency in fundamental terms. The prevailing assumption is that the relativistic structure of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2012-10-15 Edward J. Gillis