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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have garnered substantial attention in brain-like computing for their biological fidelity and the capacity to execute energy-efficient spike-driven operations. As the demand for heightened performance in SNNs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Yimeng Shan , Xuerui Qiu , Rui-jie Zhu , Jason K. Eshraghian , Malu Zhang , Haicheng Qu

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise low-power event-driven computation for temporally rich tasks, but commonly used neuron models often trade off gradient-based trainability, dynamical richness, and high activity sparsity. These…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alex Fulleda-Garcia , Saray Soldado-Magraner , Josep Maria Margarit-Taulé

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible computing models with high energy efficiency. The temporal dynamics of neurons and synapses enable them to detect temporal patterns and generate sequences. While Backpropagation Through Time…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Zhenhang Zhang , Jingang Jin , Haowen Fang , Qinru Qiu

Event-based neuromorphic systems promise to reduce the energy consumption of deep learning tasks by replacing expensive floating point operations on dense matrices by low power sparse and asynchronous operations on spike events. While these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Johannes Christian Thiele , Olivier Bichler , Antoine Dupret

Neuromorphic hardware implementations of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient, low-latency AI through sparse, event-driven computation. Yet, training SNNs under fine temporal discretization remains a major challenge,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Roel Koopman , Sebastian Otte , Sander Bohté

The efficiency of modern machine intelligence depends on high accuracy with minimal computational cost. In spiking neural networks (SNNs), synaptic delays are crucial for encoding temporal structure, yet existing models treat them as fully…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Mario Negrello , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

The complex and unique neural network topology of the human brain formed through natural evolution enables it to perform multiple cognitive functions simultaneously. Automated evolutionary mechanisms of biological network structure inspire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Wenxuan Pan , Feifei Zhao , Zhuoya Zhao , Yi Zeng

Spiking neural network is a type of artificial neural network in which neurons communicate between each other with spikes. Spikes are identical Boolean events characterized by the time of their arrival. A spiking neuron has internal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Oleg Y. Sinyavskiy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exploit event-driven and addition-only computation to substantially improve efficiency for intelligent computation. A key temporal property of SNNs, elastic inference, allows outputs to emerge progressively,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Kang You , Chen Nie , Lee Jun Yan , Ziling Wei , Cheng Zou , Zekai Xu , Yu Feng , Honglan Jiang , Zhezhi He

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), central to computational neuroscience and neuromorphic machine learning (ML), require efficient simulation and gradient-based training. While AI accelerators offer promising speedups, gradient-based SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Lennart P. L. Landsmeer , Amirreza Movahedin , Said Hamdioui , Christos Strydis

Inspired by the brain's hierarchical processing and energy efficiency, this paper presents a Spiking Neural Network (SNN) architecture for lifelong Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). The proposed system first employs an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Malyaban Bal , Sen Lu , George M. Nishibuchi , Suhas Chelian , Srini Vasan , Abhronil Sengupta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with their bio-inspired Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons inherently capture temporal information. This makes them well-suited for sequential tasks like processing event-based data from Dynamic Vision…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Prajna G. Malettira , Shubham Negi , Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy

Much of studies on neural computation are based on network models of static neurons that produce analog output, despite the fact that information processing in the brain is predominantly carried out by dynamic neurons that produce discrete…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-06-21 Dongsung Huh , Terrence J. Sejnowski

Efficient spatial navigation is a hallmark of the mammalian brain, inspiring the development of neuromorphic systems that mimic biological principles. Despite progress, implementing key operations like back-tracing and handling ambiguity in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Robin Dietrich , Tobias Fischer , Nicolai Waniek , Nico Reeb , Michael Milford , Alois Knoll , Adam D. Hines

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit temporal, sparse, and event-driven dynamics that make them appealing for efficient inference. However, extending these models to self-supervised regimes remains challenging because the discontinuities…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chengwei Zhou , Gourav Datta

Biologically-inspired Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), processing information using discrete-time events known as spikes rather than continuous values, have garnered significant attention due to their hardware-friendly and energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bin Lei , Sheng Lin , Pei-Hung Lin , Chunhua Liao , Caiwen Ding

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

The human brain utilizes spikes for information transmission and dynamically reorganizes its network structure to boost energy efficiency and cognitive capabilities throughout its lifespan. Drawing inspiration from this spike-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiangrong Shen , Qi Xu , Gang Pan , Badong Chen

In this article, we propose a novel Winner-Take-All (WTA) architecture employing neurons with nonlinear dendrites and an online unsupervised structural plasticity rule for training it. Further, to aid hardware implementations, our network…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-07 Subhrajit Roy , Arindam Basu

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have received considerable attention not only for their superiority in energy efficiency with discrete signal processing but also for their natural suitability to integrate multi-scale biological plasticity.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Wenxuan Pan , Feifei Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yi Zeng