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For real-world deployment of automatic speech recognition (ASR), the system is desired to be capable of fast inference while relieving the requirement of computational resources. The recently proposed end-to-end ASR system based on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Yosuke Higuchi , Hirofumi Inaguma , Shinji Watanabe , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

This paper presents the use of non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches for joint automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU) tasks. The proposed NAR systems employ a Conformer encoder that applies connectionist…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Mohan Li , Rama Doddipatla

Non-autoregressive (NAR) transformer models have achieved significantly inference speedup but at the cost of inferior accuracy compared to autoregressive (AR) models in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Most of the NAR transformers take a…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Xingchen Song , Zhiyong Wu , Yiheng Huang , Chao Weng , Dan Su , Helen Meng

This article describes an efficient end-to-end speech translation (E2E-ST) framework based on non-autoregressive (NAR) models. End-to-end speech translation models have several advantages over traditional cascade systems such as inference…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-10 Hirofumi Inaguma , Yosuke Higuchi , Kevin Duh , Tatsuya Kawahara , Shinji Watanabe

In sequence-to-sequence Transformer ASR, autoregressive (AR) models achieve strong accuracy but suffer from slow decoding, while non-autoregressive (NAR) models enable parallel decoding at the cost of degraded performance. We propose a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Hao Yen , Pin-Jui Ku , Ante Jukić , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi

Mandarin-English code-switching (CS) is frequently used among East and Southeast Asian people. However, the intra-sentence language switching of the two very different languages makes recognizing CS speech challenging. Meanwhile, the recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Shun-Po Chuang , Heng-Jui Chang , Sung-Feng Huang , Hung-yi Lee

While Transformers have achieved promising results in end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR), their autoregressive (AR) structure becomes a bottleneck for speeding up the decoding process. For real-world deployment, ASR systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-27 Keqi Deng , Zehui Yang , Shinji Watanabe , Yosuke Higuchi , Gaofeng Cheng , Pengyuan Zhang

A cascaded speech translation model relies on discrete and non-differentiable transcription, which provides a supervision signal from the source side and helps the transformation between source speech and target text. Such modeling suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Parnia Bahar , Tobias Bieschke , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Speech-to-text translation (ST), which translates source language speech into target language text, has attracted intensive attention in recent years. Compared to the traditional pipeline system, the end-to-end ST model has potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Yuchen Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Hao Xiong , Long Zhou , Zhongjun He , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Chengqing Zong

Direct speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) has achieved impressive translation quality, but it often faces the challenge of slow decoding due to the considerable length of speech sequences. Recently, some research has turned to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Qingkai Fang , Zhengrui Ma , Yan Zhou , Min Zhang , Yang Feng

Achieving high accuracy with low latency has always been a challenge in streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. By attending to more future contexts, a streaming ASR model achieves higher accuracy but results in…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Huaibo Zhao , Yosuke Higuchi , Yusuke Kida , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

End-to-end approaches for sequence tasks are becoming increasingly popular. Yet for complex sequence tasks, like speech translation, systems that cascade several models trained on sub-tasks have shown to be superior, suggesting that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Siddharth Dalmia , Brian Yan , Vikas Raunak , Florian Metze , Shinji Watanabe

Recently, end-to-end speech recognition with a hybrid model consisting of the connectionist temporal classification(CTC) and the attention encoder-decoder achieved state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we propose a novel CTC decoder…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Zhe Yuan , Zhuoran Lyu , Jiwei Li , Xi Zhou

Non-autoregressive (NAR) modeling has gained more and more attention in speech processing. With recent state-of-the-art attention-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) structure, NAR can realize promising real-time factor (RTF)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-21 Tianzi Wang , Yuya Fujita , Xuankai Chang , Shinji Watanabe

This paper proposes a novel non-autoregressive (NAR) block-based Attention Mask Decoder (AMD) that flexibly balances performance-efficiency trade-offs for Conformer ASR systems. AMD performs parallel NAR inference within contiguous blocks…

Recently, end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have garnered tremendous attention because of their great success and unified modeling paradigms in comparison to conventional hybrid DNN-HMM ASR systems. Despite the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Tien-Hong Lo , Shi-Yan Weng , Hsiu-Jui Chang , Berlin Chen

We present a state-of-the-art end-to-end Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model. We learn to listen and write characters with a joint Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and attention-based encoder-decoder network. The encoder is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Takaaki Hori , Shinji Watanabe , Yu Zhang , William Chan

Attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown impressive performance in ASR. However, most existing AED methods neglect to simultaneously leverage both acoustic and semantic features in decoder, which is crucial for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Tian-Hao Zhang , Hai-Bo Qin , Zhi-Hao Lai , Song-Lu Chen , Qi Liu , Feng Chen , Xinyuan Qian , Xu-Cheng Yin

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often rely on autoregressive (AR) Transformer decoder architectures, which limit efficient inference parallelization due to their sequential nature. To this end, non-autoregressive (NAR) approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Tianzi Wang , Xurong Xie , Zengrui Jin , Mengzhe Geng , Jiajun Deng , Zhaoqing Li , Shoukang Hu , Shujie Hu , Guinan Li , Mingyu Cui , Helen Meng , Xunying Liu

Recently, Transformer-based encoder-decoder models have demonstrated strong performance in multilingual speech recognition. However, the decoder's autoregressive nature and large size introduce significant bottlenecks during inference.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Yunkyu Lim , Jihwan Park , Hyung Yong Kim , Hanbin Lee , Byeong-Yeol Kim
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