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Variational quantum learning faces practical challenges in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. Parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) models suffer from statistical uncertainty due to finite-shot measurements and are highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Chen-Yu Liu

In current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, hybrid quantum neural networks (HQNNs) offer a promising solution, combining the strengths of classical machine learning with quantum computing capabilities. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-27 Tasnim Ahmed , Muhammad Kashif , Alberto Marchisio , Muhammad Shafique

Models of interacting many-body quantum systems that may realize new exotic phases of matter, notably quantum spin liquids, are challenging to study using even state-of-the-art classical methods such as tensor network simulations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Aaron Szasz , Ed Younis , Wibe Albert de Jong

The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has important consequences for cryptographic algorithms. It is theoretically well-established that key algorithms used in cybersecurity are vulnerable to quantum computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sahay Harshvardhan , Sanil Jain , James E. McClure , Caleb McIrvin , Ngoc Quy Tran

Quantum computation has been growing rapidly in both theory and experiments. In particular, quantum computing devices with a large number of qubits have been developed by IBM, Google, IonQ, and others. The current quantum computing devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Rishabh Gupta , Rongxin Xia , Raphael D. Levine , Sabre Kais

Quantum computing promises to provide exponential speed-ups to certain classes of problems. In many such algorithms, a classical vector $\mathbf{b}$ is encoded in the amplitudes of a quantum state $\left |b \right >$. However, efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Prithvi Gundlapalli , Junyi Lee

In the lead up to fault tolerance, the utility of quantum computing will be determined by how adequately the effects of noise can be circumvented in quantum algorithms. Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms such as the variational quantum…

The use of quantum computing to solve a problem in quantum mechanics is illustrated, step by step, by calculating energies and transition amplitudes in a nonrelativistic quark model. The quantum computations feature the use of variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-31 R. M. Woloshyn

One of the most promising applications of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers is the simulation of molecular Hamiltonians using the variational quantum eigensolver. We show that encoding symmetries of the simulated Hamiltonian in the…

The development of quantum computers has been the stimulus that enables the realization of Quantum Machine Learning (QML), an area that integrates the calculational framework of quantum mechanics with the adaptive properties of classical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Bhavna Bose , Saurav Verma

Quantum phase estimation is one of the critical building blocks of quantum computing. For early fault-tolerant quantum devices, it is desirable for a quantum phase estimation algorithm to (1) use a minimal number of ancilla qubits, (2)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-08 Hongkang Ni , Haoya Li , Lexing Ying

In the era of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) hardware, digital quantum computers are limited to shallow circuits on the order of a thousand layers due to system noise and qubit decoherence. Thus, every step of a simulation must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Michael Hite

The Quantum Phase Difference Estimation (QPDE) algorithm, as an extension of the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE), is a quantum algorithm designed to compute the differences of two eigenvalues of a unitary operator by exploiting the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Boni Paul , Sudhindu Bikash Mandal , Kenji Sugisaki , B. P. Das

Simulating noisy quantum circuits is vital in designing and verifying quantum algorithms in the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, where quantum noise is unavoidable. However, it is much more inefficient than the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Mingyu Huang , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

Extracting energy spectra from quantum Hamiltonians is a fundamental task for quantum simulation, yet remains challenging on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We propose Measured Quantum Time Evolution (MQTE), an ancilla-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Qing-Xing Xie , Yong-Kang Duan , Fa-Hui Liu , Yan Zhao

We present experimental results on running 4-qubit unstructured search on IBM quantum processors. Our best attempt attained probability of success around 24.5%. We try several algorithms and use the most recent developments in quantum…

Hybrid quantum-high performance computing (Q-HPC) workflows are emerging as a key strategy for running quantum applications at scale in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. These workflows must operate seamlessly across…

Quantum machine learning, which involves running machine learning algorithms on quantum devices, has garnered significant attention in both academic and business circles. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive and unbiased review of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-21 Yunfei Wang , Junyu Liu

NISQ era devices suffer from a number of challenges like limited qubit connectivity, short coherence times and sizable gate error rates. Thus, quantum algorithms are desired that require shallow circuit depths and low qubit counts to take…

A potential approach for demonstrating quantum advantage is using quantum computers to simulate fermionic systems. Quantum algorithms for fermionic system simulation usually involve the Hamiltonian evolution and measurements. However, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-14 Qing-Song Li , Jiaxuan Zhang , Huan-Yu Liu , Qingchun Wang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo
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