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Related papers: Heterogeneous Treatment Effect Estimation using ma…

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Quantifying the heterogeneity of treatment effect is important for understanding how a commercial product or medical treatment affects different population subgroups. While much of treatment effect heterogeneity analysis focuses on the…

Data heterogeneity plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of machine learning (ML) systems. Traditional algorithms, which are typically designed to optimize average performance, often overlook the intrinsic diversity within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiashuo Liu , Peng Cui

In biomedical science, analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity plays an essential role in assisting personalized medicine. The main goals of analyzing treatment effect heterogeneity include estimating treatment effects in clinically…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Waverly Wei , Maya Petersen , Mark J van der Laan , Zeyu Zheng , Chong Wu , Jingshen Wang

In causal inference, measuring treatment heterogeneity is crucial as it provides scientific insights into how treatments influence outcomes and guides personalized decision-making. In this work, we study semi-supervised settings where a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Yilizhati Anniwaer , Yuqian Zhang

This paper establishes sufficient conditions for the identification of the marginal treatment effects with multivalued treatments. Our model is based on a multinomial choice model with utility maximization. Our MTE generalizes the MTE…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-30 Toshiki Tsuda

The widespread application of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data in the medical field has led to early successes in disease risk prediction using deep learning methods. These methods typically require extensive data for training due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Shibo Li , Hengliang Cheng , Weihua Li

Estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) is of prime importance in many disciplines, ranging from personalized medicine to economics among many others. Random forests have been shown to be a flexible and powerful approach to HTE…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Susanne Dandl , Torsten Hothorn , Heidi Seibold , Erik Sverdrup , Stefan Wager , Achim Zeileis

Medical text embedding models are foundational to a wide array of healthcare applications, ranging from clinical decision support and biomedical information retrieval to medical question answering, yet they remain hampered by two critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mohammad Khodadad , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Mahdi Astaraki , Hamidreza Mahyar

Online controlled experiments (a.k.a. A/B testing) have been used as the mantra for data-driven decision making on feature changing and product shipping in many Internet companies. However, it is still a great challenge to systematically…

Applications · Statistics 2018-08-16 Yuxiang Xie , Nanyu Chen , Xiaolin Shi

In pharmaceutical R&D, predicting the efficacy of a pharmaceutical in treating a particular disease prior to clinical testing or any real-world use has been challenging. In this paper, we propose a flexible and modular machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Adrien Couetoux , Thomas Devenyns , Lise Diagne , David Champagne , Pierre-Yves Mousset , Chris Anagnostopoulos

This paper studies treatment effect models in which individuals are classified into unobserved groups based on heterogeneous treatment rules. Using a finite mixture approach, we propose a marginal treatment effect (MTE) framework in which…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-24 Tadao Hoshino , Takahide Yanagi

The heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) lies at the heart of precision medicine. Randomized controlled trials are gold-standard for treatment effect estimation but are typically underpowered for heterogeneous effects. In contrast, large…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-14 Shu Yang , Siyi Liu , Donglin Zeng , Xiaofei Wang

The Predictive Approaches to Treatment Effect Heterogeneity statement focused on baseline risk as a robust predictor of treatment effect and provided guidance on risk-based assessment of treatment effect heterogeneity in the RCT setting.…

In this paper we review recent advances in statistical methods for the evaluation of the heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE), including subgroup identification and estimation of individualized treatment regimens, from randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-22 Ilya Lipkovich , David Svensson , Bohdana Ratitch , Alex Dmitrienko

The conditional average treatment effect (CATE) is frequently estimated to refute the homogeneous treatment effect assumption. Under this assumption, all units making up the population under study experience identical benefit from a given…

Estimation of conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) plays an essential role in modern medicine by informing treatment decision-making at a patient level. Several metalearners have been proposed recently to estimate CATEs in an…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-07 Yizhe Xu , Nikolaos Ignatiadis , Erik Sverdrup , Scott Fleming , Stefan Wager , Nigam Shah

A central question in many fields of scientific research is to determine how an outcome would be affected by an action, or to measure the effect of an action (a.k.a treatment effect). In recent years, a need for estimating the heterogeneous…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Weijia Zhang , Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu

Accurate heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE) estimation is essential for personalized recommendations, making it important to evaluate and compare HTE estimators. Traditional assessment methods are inapplicable due to missing…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Zijun Gao

The application of transfer learning, leveraging knowledge from source domains to enhance model performance in a target domain, has significantly grown, supporting diverse real-world applications. Its success often relies on shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Runxue Bao , Yiming Sun , Yuhe Gao , Jindong Wang , Qiang Yang , Zhi-Hong Mao , Ye Ye

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects in network settings is complicated by interference, meaning that the outcome of an instance can be influenced by the treatment status of others. Existing causal machine learning approaches usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Daan Caljon , Jente Van Belle , Wouter Verbeke