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In this paper, we introduce ELECTRA-style tasks to cross-lingual language model pre-training. Specifically, we present two pre-training tasks, namely multilingual replaced token detection, and translation replaced token detection. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Zewen Chi , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Shuming Ma , Bo Zheng , Saksham Singhal , Payal Bajaj , Xia Song , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Furu Wei

This paper shows that pretraining multilingual language models at scale leads to significant performance gains for a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks. We train a Transformer-based masked language model on one hundred languages,…

Recent studies have demonstrated the efficiency of generative pretraining for English natural language understanding. In this work, we extend this approach to multiple languages and show the effectiveness of cross-lingual pretraining. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Guillaume Lample , Alexis Conneau

Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of cross-lingual language model pretraining for cross-lingual understanding. In this study, we present the results of two larger multilingual masked language models, with 3.5B and 10.7B…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Naman Goyal , Jingfei Du , Myle Ott , Giri Anantharaman , Alexis Conneau

Multilingual Language Models (\MLLMs) such as mBERT, XLM, XLM-R, \textit{etc.} have emerged as a viable option for bringing the power of pretraining to a large number of languages. Given their success in zero-shot transfer learning, there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Gowtham Ramesh , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

In this work, we present an information-theoretic framework that formulates cross-lingual language model pre-training as maximizing mutual information between multilingual-multi-granularity texts. The unified view helps us to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Nan Yang , Saksham Singhal , Wenhui Wang , Xia Song , Xian-Ling Mao , Heyan Huang , Ming Zhou

The emergent cross-lingual transfer seen in multilingual pretrained models has sparked significant interest in studying their behavior. However, because these analyses have focused on fully trained multilingual models, little is known about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Terra Blevins , Hila Gonen , Luke Zettlemoyer

Despite their popularity in non-English NLP, multilingual language models often underperform monolingual ones due to inter-language competition for model parameters. We propose Cross-lingual Expert Language Models (X-ELM), which mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Terra Blevins , Tomasz Limisiewicz , Suchin Gururangan , Margaret Li , Hila Gonen , Noah A. Smith , Luke Zettlemoyer

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with cross-lingual tasks due to data imbalances between high-resource and low-resource languages, as well as monolingual bias in pre-training. Existing methods, such as bilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weihua Zheng , Chang Liu , Zhengyuan Liu , Xin Huang , Kui Wu , Muhammad Huzaifah Md Shahrin , Aiti Aw , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Multilingual machine translation enables a single model to translate between different languages. Most existing multilingual machine translation systems adopt a randomly initialized Transformer backbone. In this work, inspired by the recent…

Large multilingual language models typically rely on a single vocabulary shared across 100+ languages. As these models have increased in parameter count and depth, vocabulary size has remained largely unchanged. This \textit{vocabulary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Davis Liang , Hila Gonen , Yuning Mao , Rui Hou , Naman Goyal , Marjan Ghazvininejad , Luke Zettlemoyer , Madian Khabsa

Despite their strong ability to retrieve knowledge in English, current large language models show imbalance abilities in different languages. Two approaches are proposed to address this, i.e., multilingual pretraining and multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Changjiang Gao , Hongda Hu , Peng Hu , Jiajun Chen , Jixing Li , Shujian Huang

Multilingual pre-trained language models have demonstrated impressive (zero-shot) cross-lingual transfer abilities, however, their performance is hindered when the target language has distant typology from source languages or when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Jiali Zeng , Yufan Jiang , Yongjing Yin , Yi Jing , Fandong Meng , Binghuai Lin , Yunbo Cao , Jie Zhou

Successful methods for unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) employ crosslingual pretraining via self-supervision, often in the form of a masked language modeling or a sequence generation task, which requires the model to align the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Dario Stojanovski , Alexander Fraser

Multilingual Pre-trained Language models (multiPLMs), trained on the Masked Language Modelling (MLM) objective are commonly being used for cross-lingual tasks such as bitext mining. However, the performance of these models is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Aloka Fernando , Surangika Ranathunga

The language ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is often unbalanced towards English because of the imbalance in the distribution of the pre-training data. This disparity is demanded in further fine-tuning and affecting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci , Andre Freitas

The successful adaptation of multilingual language models (LMs) to a specific language-task pair critically depends on the availability of data tailored for that condition. While cross-lingual transfer (XLT) methods have contributed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Seong Hoon Lim , Taejun Yun , Jinhyeon Kim , Jihun Choi , Taeuk Kim

In this paper, we introduce Cross-View Language Modeling, a simple and effective pre-training framework that unifies cross-lingual and cross-modal pre-training with shared architectures and objectives. Our approach is motivated by a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yan Zeng , Wangchunshu Zhou , Ao Luo , Ziming Cheng , Xinsong Zhang

Existing technologies expand BERT from different perspectives, e.g. designing different pre-training tasks, different semantic granularities, and different model architectures. Few models consider expanding BERT from different text formats.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Hongyin Zhu , Hao Peng , Zhiheng Lyu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Jinghui Xiao

Cross-lingual topic modeling aims to discover shared semantic structures across languages, yet existing models depend on sparse bilingual resources and often yield incoherent or weakly aligned topics. Recent LLM-based refinements improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Minh Chu Xuan , Tien-Phat Nguyen , Linh Ngo Van , Dinh Viet Sang , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep , Trung Le
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