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We present a family of exact black-hole solutions on a static spherically symmetric background in second-order generalized Proca theories with derivative vector-field interactions coupled to gravity. We also derive non-exact solutions in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-01 Lavinia Heisenberg , Ryotaro Kase , Masato Minamitsuji , Shinji Tsujikawa

In a class of generalized Proca theories, we study the existence of neutron star solutions with a nonvanishing temporal component of the vector field $A_\mu$ approaching 0 toward spatial infinity, as they may be the endpoints of tachyonic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-29 Ryotaro Kase , Masato Minamitsuji , Shinji Tsujikawa

We study relativistic star solutions in second-order generalized Proca theories characterized by a $U(1)$-breaking vector field with derivative couplings. In the models with cubic and quartic derivative coupling, the mass and radius of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-11 Ryotaro Kase , Masato Minamitsuji , Shinji Tsujikawa

We study Generalized Proca theories inspired by the recent regularised Proca theory of four-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet gravity. By abandoning the rigid constraints typically imposed by specific regularization schemes, we treat the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-27 Christos Charmousis , Pedro G. S. Fernandes , Mokhtar Hassaine

We introduce a novel, well-defined four-dimensional regularized Gauss-Bonnet theory of gravity by applying a dimensional regularization procedure. The resulting theory is a vector-tensor theory within the generalized Proca class. We then…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-19 Christos Charmousis , Pedro G. S. Fernandes , Mokhtar Hassaine

Massive vector fields can form spatially localized, non-relativistic, stationary field configurations supported by gravitational interactions. The ground state configurations (p-solitons/vector solitons/dark photon stars/polarized Proca…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-11 Zipeng Wang , Thomas Helfer , Mustafa A. Amin

Initially applied to the scalar case, we extend the applicability of the multi-field generalization with angular momentum of bosonic stars to the vector case, in order to obtain new configurations that generalize the one-field spherical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Claudio Lazarte , Miguel Alcubierre

We demonstrate that black holes and stars in general relativity can be destabilized by perturbations of non-minimally coupled vector fields. Focusing on static and spherically symmetric backgrounds, our analysis shows that black holes with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-18 Sebastian Garcia-Saenz , Aaron Held , Jun Zhang

We consider a massive vector field with derivative interactions that propagates only the 3 desired polarizations (besides two tensor polarizations from gravity) with second-order equations of motion in curved space-time. The cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-05 Antonio De Felice , Lavinia Heisenberg , Ryotaro Kase , Shinji Mukohyama , Shinji Tsujikawa , Ying-li Zhang

We investigate Proca star (PS) solutions, namely boson star (BS) type solutions for a complex vector field with mass and nonminimal coupling to the Einstein tensor. Irrespective of the existence of nonminimal coupling, PS solutions are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-18 Masato Minamitsuji

We study Proca theory with non-minimal coupling to gravity through the Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar interactions. We show that in the homogeneous and isotropic Universe together with cosmological constant, the temporal component of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-27 Antonio De Felice , Anamaria Hell

The beyond-generalized Proca theories are the extension of second-order massive vector-tensor theories (dubbed generalized Proca theories) with two transverse vector modes and one longitudinal scalar besides two tensor polarizations. Even…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-11 Shintaro Nakamura , Ryotaro Kase , Shinji Tsujikawa

In generalized Proca theories with vector-field derivative couplings, a bunch of hairy black hole solutions have been derived on a static and spherically symmetric background. In this paper, we formulate the odd-parity black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-27 Ryotaro Kase , Masato Minamitsuji , Shinji Tsujikawa , Ying-li Zhang

This work presents a new class of exact analytic rotating black hole solutions within five-dimensional generalized Proca theories. Through a Kerr-Schild ansatz where the Proca field is set along a null geodesic congruence, the non-linear…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-19 Mokhtar Hassaine , Ulises Hernandez-Vera

Vector boson stars, also known as Proca stars, exhibit remarkable dynamical robustness, making them strong candidates for potential astrophysical exotic compact objects. In search of theoretically well-motivated Proca star models, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-05 Claudio Lazarte , Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , José A. Font , Miguel Alcubierre

The superradiant growth of massive vector fields in rotating black hole spacetimes has garnered significant attention in recent literature. However, the majority of these studies overlook the influence of a cosmological constant, which…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Shaun David Brocus Fell , Lavinia Heisenberg

In beyond-generalized Proca theories including the extension to theories higher than second order, we study the role of a spatial component $v$ of a massive vector field on the anisotropic cosmological background. We show that, as in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-15 Lavinia Heisenberg , Ryotaro Kase , Shinji Tsujikawa

Vector boson stars, or $\textit{Proca stars}$, have been recently obtained as fully non-linear numerical solutions of the Einstein-(complex)-Proca system. These are self-gravitating, everywhere non-singular, horizonless Bose-Einstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-31 Nicolas Sanchis-Gual , Carlos Herdeiro , Eugen Radu , Juan Carlos Degollado , José A. Font

Physics beyond the Standard Model is an important candidate for dark matter, and an interesting testing ground for strong-field gravity: the equivalence principle "forces" all forms of matter to fall in the same way, and it is therefore…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-16 Miguel Zilhão , Helvi Witek , Vitor Cardoso

We study a massive vector tensor theory that acquires mass via a standard Proca term but also via a higher order term containing an explicit coupling to curvature. We find static solutions that are asymptotically flat, adS or Lifshitz black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Eugeny Babichev , Christos Charmousis , Mokhtar Hassaine
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