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Related papers: Tree balance indices: a comprehensive survey

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The potential lack of fairness in the outputs of machine learning algorithms has recently gained attention both within the research community as well as in society more broadly. Surprisingly, there is no prior work developing tree-induction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-25 Edward Raff , Jared Sylvester , Steven Mills

Full binary trees naturally represent commutative non-associative products. There are many important examples of these products: finite-precision floating-point addition and NAND gates, among others. Balance in such a tree is highly…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Laura Monroe

Most real-world classification problems deal with imbalanced datasets, posing a challenge for Artificial Intelligence (AI), i.e., machine learning algorithms, because the minority class, which is of extreme interest, often proves difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gissel Velarde , Michael Weichert , Anuj Deshmunkh , Sanjay Deshmane , Anindya Sudhir , Khushboo Sharma , Vaibhav Joshi

Imbalanced problems can arise in different real-world situations, and to address this, certain strategies in the form of resampling or balancing algorithms are proposed. This issue has largely been studied in the context of classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Juscimara G. Avelino , George D. C. Cavalcanti , Rafael M. O. Cruz

In recent years, several Scientometrics and Bibliometrics indicators were proposed to evaluate the scientific impact of individuals, institutions, colleges, universities and research teams. The h-index gives a major breakthrough in the…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Anand Bihari , Sudhakar Tripathi , Akshay Deepak

Model bias triggered by long-tailed data has been widely studied. However, measure based on the number of samples cannot explicate three phenomena simultaneously: (1) Given enough data, the classification performance gain is marginal with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Yanbiao Ma , Licheng Jiao , Fang Liu , Yuxin Li , Shuyuan Yang , Xu Liu

One of the main applications of balance indices is in tests of null models of evolutionary processes. The knowledge of an exact formula for a statistic of a balance index, holding for any number n of leaves, is necessary in order to use…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-10-22 Gabriel Cardona , Arnau Mir , Francesc Rossello

The standard approach to estimate species trees is to align a selected set of genes, concatenate the alignments and then estimate a consensus tree. However, individual genes contain differing levels of evolutionary information, either…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-29 Ali Amiryousefi

This paper introduces \textit{measurement trees}, a novel class of metrics designed to combine various constructs into an interpretable multi-level representation of a measurand. Unlike conventional metrics that yield single values,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Craig Greenberg , Patrick Hall , Theodore Jensen , Kristen Greene , Razvan Amironesei

The paper attempts to validate the effectiveness of tree classifiers to classify tabla strokes especially the ones which are overlapping in nature. It uses decision tree, ID3 and random forest as classifiers. A custom made data sets of 650…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Subodh Deolekar , Siby Abraham

We prove that a random labeled (unlabeled) tree is balanced. We also prove that random labeled and unlabeled trees are strongly $k$-balanced for any $k\geq 3$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-07 Azer Akhmedov , Warren Shreve

Pairwise comparisons are a well-known method for the representation of the subjective preferences of a decision maker. Evaluating their inconsistency has been a widely studied and discussed topic and several indices have been proposed in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-12-25 Matteo Brunelli , Michele Fedrizzi

On signed social networks, balanced and unbalanced triangles are a critical motif due to their role as the foundations of Structural Balance Theory. The uses for these motifs have been extensively explored in networks with known edge signs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Alexander Zhou , Haoyang Li , Anxin Tian , Zhiyuan Li , Yue Wang

In this paper we propose and study a new structural invariant for graphs, called distance-unbalanced\-ness, as a measure of how much a graph is (un)balanced in terms of distances. Explicit formulas are presented for several classes of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-04 Štefko Miklavič , Primož Šparl

Nearly a decade ago, the science community was introduced to the $h$-index, a proposed statistical measure of the collective impact of the publications of any individual researcher. It is of course undeniable that any method of reducing a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-03-24 Keith R. Dienes

This article presents a new way to understand the descriptive ability of tree shape statistics. Where before tree shape statistics were chosen by their ability to distinguish between macroevolutionary models, the ``resolution'' presented in…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Frederick A. Matsen

We present a new approach to the global fairness verification of tree-based classifiers. Given a tree-based classifier and a set of sensitive features potentially leading to discrimination, our analysis synthesizes sufficient conditions for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Stefano Calzavara , Lorenzo Cazzaro , Claudio Lucchese , Federico Marcuzzi

Ecological studies have now gone beyond measures of species turnover towards measures of phylogenetic and functional dissimilarity with a main objective: disentangling the processes that drive species distributions from local to broad…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-06-26 Sandrine Pavoine

In this paper we investigate the geometry of a discrete Bayesian network whose graph is a tree all of whose variables are binary and the only observed variables are those labeling its leaves. We provide the full geometric description of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-10-20 Piotr Zwiernik , Jim Q. Smith

We consider signed networks in which connections or edges can be either positive (friendship, trust, alliance) or negative (dislike, distrust, conflict). Early literature in graph theory theorized that such networks should display…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Alec Kirkley , George T. Cantwell , M. E. J. Newman