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Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding of forward error correction codes is known to be optimally accurate, but is not used in practice as it proves too challenging to efficiently implement. Here we introduce a ML decoder called SGRAND, which is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Amit Solomon , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a maximum likelihood (ML) decoding method that identifies the noise effects corrupting code-words of arbitrary code-books. In a joint detection and decoding framework, this work…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Hadi Sarieddeen , Muriel Médard , Ken. R. Duffy

Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) in both 5G and 6G demand high throughput and short latency with low error rates. Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) and Ordered Reliability Bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) are powerful…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Carlo Condo

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a recently proposed Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding technique. Irrespective of the structure of the error correcting code, GRAND tries to guess the noise that corrupted the codeword in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Syed Mohsin Abbas , Marwan Jalaleddine , Warren J. Gross

We introduce a new algorithm for realizing Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding in discrete channels with or without memory. In it, the receiver rank orders noise sequences from most likely to least likely. Subtracting noise from the received…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Ken R. Duffy , Jiange Li , Muriel Médard

We establish that a large, flexible class of long, high redundancy error correcting codes can be efficiently and accurately decoded with guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND). Performance evaluation demonstrates that it is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Peihong Yuan , Muriel Medard , Kevin Galligan , Ken R. Duffy

Decoding via sequentially guessing the error pattern in a received noisy sequence has received attention recently, and ORBGRAND has been proposed as one such decoding algorithm that is capable of utilizing the soft information embedded in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Mengxiao Liu , Yuejun Wei , Zhenyuan Chen , Wenyi Zhang

Channel decoding is a challenging task in communication channels exhibiting memory effects. In this work, we apply the recently proposed decoding paradigm of guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) to channels with memory, focusing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhuang Li , Wenyi Zhang

To meet the Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) needs of modern applications, there have been significant advances in the development of short error correction codes and corresponding soft detection decoders. A substantial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ken R. Duffy , Moritz Grundei , Muriel Medard

Guessing random additive noise decoding (GRAND) is a noise-centric decoding method, which is suitable for ultra-reliable low-latency communications, as it supports high-rate error correction codes that generate short-length codewords. GRAND…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou , Francisco A. Monteiro

Future beyond-5G and 6G systems demand ultra-reliable, low-latency communication with short blocklengths, motivating the development of universal decoding algorithms. Guessing decoding, which infers the noise or codeword candidate in order…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Qianfan Wang , Jifan Liang , Peihong Yuan , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Xiao Ma

There have been significant advances in recent years in the development of forward error correction decoders that can decode codes of any structure, including practical realizations in synthesized circuits and taped out chips. While…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Jiewei Feng , Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard

We establish that during the execution of any Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) algorithm, an interpretable, useful measure of decoding confidence can be evaluated. This measure takes the form of a log-likelihood ratio (LLR)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Medard

Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) is a code-agnostic decoding technique for short-length and high-rate channel codes. GRAND tries to guess the channel noise by generating test error patterns (TEPs), and the sequence of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Syed Mohsin Abbas , Marwan Jalaleddine , Warren J. Gross

Within the family of guessing-based decoding algorithms, ordered reliability bits GRAND (ORBGRAND) has attracted considerable attention due to its efficient use of soft information and suitability for hardware implementation. It has also…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhuang Li , Wenyi Zhang

We consider a transmitter that encodes data packets using network coding and broadcasts coded packets. A receiver employing network decoding recovers the data packets if a sufficient number of error-free coded packets are gathered. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ioannis Chatzigeorgiou , Dmitry Savostyanov

Proposals have been made to reduce the guesswork of Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND) for binary linear codes by leveraging codebook structure at the expense of degraded block error rate (BLER). We establish one can preserve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lukas Rapp , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy

The design and implementation of error correcting codes has long been informed by two fundamental results: Shannon's 1948 capacity theorem, which established that long codes use noisy channels most efficiently; and Berlekamp, McEliece, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ken R. Duffy , Muriel Médard , Wei An

Maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding can be used to obtain the optimal performance of error correction codes. However, the size of the search space and consequently the decoding complexity grows exponentially, making it impractical to be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Mohammad Rowshan , Jinhong Yuan

CRC codes have long since been adopted in a vast range of applications. The established notion that they are suitable primarily for error detection can be set aside through use of the recently proposed Guessing Random Additive Noise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Wei An , Muriel Médard , Ken R. Duffy