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We present a collection of new, open-source computational tools for numerically modeling recent large-scale observational data sets using modern cosmology theory. Specifically, these tools will allow both students and researchers to…

The eROSITA X-ray telescope, launched in 2019, is predicted to observe roughly 100,000 galaxy clusters. Follow-up observations of these clusters from Chandra, for example, will be needed to resolve outstanding questions about galaxy cluster…

Tidal features provide signatures of recent mergers and offer a unique insight into the assembly history of galaxies. The Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will enable an unprecedentedly large survey of…

Visualization of dynamic processes in scientific high-performance computing is an immensely data intensive endeavor. Application codes have recently demonstrated scaling to full-size Exascale machines, and generating high-quality data for…

(Abridged) The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is currently by far the most ambitious proposed ground-based optical survey. Solar System mapping is one of the four key scientific design drivers, with emphasis on efficient Near-Earth…

We are on the verge of a revolutionary era in space exploration, thanks to advancements in telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (\textit{JWST}). High-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra from exoplanet and brown dwarf…

Astronomical surveys and the growing involvement of amateur astronomers are producing more sky images than ever before, and this calls for automated processing methods that are accurate and robust. Detecting Deep Sky Objects -- such as…

We have entered the era of explosive transient astronomy, in which upcoming real-time surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System…

Earth system science is producing increasingly large, high-dimensional datasets from physics based Earth system models to AI-based weather and climate models. Embedding-based representations can make these data searchable through similarity…

Learning-based methods for 3D scene reconstruction and object completion require large datasets containing partial scans paired with complete ground-truth geometry. However, acquiring such datasets using real-world scanning systems is…

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) will use five cosmological probes: galaxy clusters, large scale structure, supernovae, strong lensing, and weak lensing. This Science Requirements Document…

Science is becoming very data intensive1. Today's astronomy datasets with tens of millions of galaxies already present substantial challenges for data mining. In less than 10 years the catalogs are expected to grow to billions of objects,…

Known for their efficiency in analyzing large data sets, machine learning classifiers are widely used in wide-field sky surveys. The upcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy of Time and Space Survey (LSST) will generate millions of alerts…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will observe several Deep Drilling Fields (DDFs) to a greater depth and with a more rapid cadence than the main survey. In this paper, we describe the ``DeepDrill''…

Lightning is a destructive and highly visible product of severe storms, yet there is still much to be learned about the conditions under which lightning is most likely to occur. The GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites, launched in 2016 and 2018…

Accurate simulation of astronomical observations is a critical element for any modern analyses, be it to measure event rates, analyses population properties, validate or train pipelines, account for selection effects, or correct biases. We…

Euclid will observe 15 000 deg$^2$ of the darkest sky, in regions free of contamination by light from our Galaxy and our Solar System. Three "Euclid Deep Fields" surveys covering around 40 deg$^2$ in total will extend the scientific scope…

This paper presents a simulation workflow for generating synthetic LiDAR datasets to support autonomous vehicle perception, robotics research, and sensor security analysis. Leveraging the CoppeliaSim simulation environment and its Python…

Deep observations of the Universe, usually as a part of sky surveys, are one of the symbols of the modern astronomy because they can allow big collaborations, exploiting multiple facilities and shared knowledge. The new generation of…

Virtually all extragalactic use cases of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) require the use of galaxy redshift information, yet the vast majority of its sample of tens of billions of galaxies will lack…