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Related papers: Sequentially valid tests for forecast calibration

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Modeling correlated or highly stratified multiple-response data becomes a common data analysis task due to modern data monitoring facilities and methods. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) is one of the popular statistical methods for…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-05 Zimu Chen , Zhanfeng Wang , Yuan-chin Ivan Chang

Making good predictions of a physical system using a computer code requires the inputs to be carefully specified. Some of these inputs called control variables have to reproduce physical conditions whereas other inputs, called parameters,…

Computation · Statistics 2018-04-04 Guillaume Damblin , Pierre Barbillon , Merlin Keller , Alberto Pasanisi , Eric Parent

Calibration is a classical notion from the forecasting literature which aims to address the question: how should predicted probabilities be interpreted? In a world where we only get to observe (discrete) outcomes, how should we evaluate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Parikshit Gopalan , Lunjia Hu

Conformal predictions make it possible to define reliable and robust learning algorithms. But they are essentially a method for evaluating whether an algorithm is good enough to be used in practice. To define a reliable learning framework…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-18 Alberto Carlevaro , Teodoro Alamo Cantarero , Fabrizio Dabbene , Maurizio Mongelli

The dual problem of testing the predictive significance of a particular covariate, and identification of the set of relevant covariates is common in applied research and methodological investigations. To study this problem in the context of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Julian A. A. Collazos , Adriano Z. Zambom

In this study, we propose a two-stage procedure for hypothesis testing, where the first stage is conventional hypothesis testing and the second is an equivalence testing procedure using an introduced Empirical Equivalence Bound. In 2016,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-01 Yi Zhao , Brian S. Caffo , Joshua B. Ewen

Given that machine learning algorithms are increasingly being deployed to aid in high stakes decision-making, uncertainty quantification methods that wrap around these black box models such as conformal prediction have received much…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-09 Kayla E. Scharfstein , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Verifying probabilistic forecasts for extreme events is a highly active research area because popular media and public opinions are naturally focused on extreme events, and biased conclusions are readily made. In this context, classical…

In recent years, probabilistic forecasting is an emerging topic, which is why there is a growing need of suitable methods for the evaluation of multivariate predictions. We analyze the sensitivity of the most common scoring rules,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-17 Florian Ziel , Kevin Berk

The notion of p-value is a fundamental concept in statistical inference and has been widely used for reporting outcomes of hypothesis tests. However, p-value is often misinterpreted, misused or miscommunicated in practice. Part of the issue…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-03 Sifan Liu , Regina Liu , Min-ge Xie

E-variables are nonnegative random variables with expected value at most one under any distribution from a given null hypothesis. Every nonasymptotically valid test can be obtained by thresholding some e-variable. As such, e-variables arise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Martin Larsson , Aaditya Ramdas , Johannes Ruf

We address the problem of testing conditional mean and conditional variance for non-stationary data. We build e-values and p-values for four types of non-parametric composite hypotheses with specified mean and variance as well as other…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-25 Yixuan Fan , Zhanyi Jiao , Ruodu Wang

Context: Software engineering has a problem in that when we empirically evaluate competing prediction systems we obtain conflicting results. Objective: To reduce the inconsistency amongst validation study results and provide a more formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Martin Shepperd , Stephen G. MacDonell

A reliable representation of uncertainty is essential for the application of modern machine learning methods in safety-critical settings. In this regard, the use of credal sets (i.e., convex sets of probability distributions) has recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Paul Hofman , Timo Löhr , Maximilian Muschalik , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

Anytime valid sequential tests permit us to stop testing based on the current data, without invalidating the inference. Given a maximum number of observations $N$, one may believe this must come at the cost of power when compared to a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Nick W. Koning , Sam van Meer

There are two distinct definitions of 'P-value' for evaluating a proposed hypothesis or model for the process generating an observed dataset. The original definition starts with a measure of the divergence of the dataset from what was…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2023-09-25 Sander Greenland

Most supervised machine learning tasks are subject to irreducible prediction errors. Probabilistic predictive models address this limitation by providing probability distributions that represent a belief over plausible targets, rather than…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-25 David Widmann , Fredrik Lindsten , Dave Zachariah

P-hacking is prevalent in reality but absent from classical hypothesis testing theory. As a consequence, significant results are much more common than they are supposed to be when the null hypothesis is in fact true. In this paper, we build…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-09 Adam McCloskey , Pascal Michaillat

Fault detection is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of modern industrial systems. However, a significant scientific challenge is the lack of rigorous risk control and reliable uncertainty quantification in existing diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mingchen Mei , Yi Li , YiYao Qian , Zijun Jia

Calibration measures quantify how much a forecaster's predictions violates calibration, which requires that forecasts are unbiased conditioning on the forecasted probabilities. Two important desiderata for a calibration measure are its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Mingda Qiao , Eric Zhao