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Related papers: Sequentially valid tests for forecast calibration

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Statistical hypothesis tests typically use prespecified sample sizes, yet data often arrive sequentially. Interim analyses invalidate classical error guarantees, while existing sequential methods require rigid testing preschedules or incur…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-17 Chris Holmes , Stephen Walker

We show that a class of optimized e-value combinations, arising from a standard construction of e-processes, remains valid even when the tuning parameter is optimized based on the data. This result holds for independent e-values, and, more…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-12 Jiahao Ming , Yi Shen , Ruodu Wang

We introduce a powerful deep classifier two-sample test for high-dimensional data based on E-values, called E-value Classifier Two-Sample Test (E-C2ST). Our test combines ideas from existing work on split likelihood ratio tests and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-01 Teodora Pandeva , Tim Bakker , Christian A. Naesseth , Patrick Forré

This article gives a conceptual review of the e-value, ev(H|X) -- the epistemic value of hypothesis H given observations X. This statistical significance measure was developed in order to allow logically coherent and consistent tests of…

Researchers faced with a sequence of candidate model specifications must often choose the best specification that does not violate a testable identification assumption. One option in this scenario is sequential specification tests:…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-25 Adam C. Sales

We introduce equivalence testing procedures for linear regression analyses. Such tests can be very useful for confirming the lack of a meaningful association between a continuous outcome and a continuous or binary predictor. Specifically,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-17 Harlan Campbell

The paper concerns the probabilistic evaluation of plans in the presence of unmeasured variables, each plan consisting of several concurrent or sequential actions. We establish a graphical criterion for recognizing when the effects of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Judea Pearl , James M. Robins

Background: The E-value has become widely used for assessing robustness to unmeasured confounding in observational studies, but the original framework was developed for single time-point exposure-outcome settings. This study extends the…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-02 Md. Niamul Islam Sium

Probabilistic forecasts in the form of probability distributions over future events have become popular in several fields including meteorology, hydrology, economics, and demography. In typical applications, many alternative statistical…

Computation · Statistics 2018-07-31 Alexander Jordan , Fabian Krüger , Sebastian Lerch

Forecasts for uncertain future events should be probabilistic. Probabilistic forecasts are commonly issued as prediction intervals, which provide a measure of uncertainty in the unknown outcome whilst being easier to understand and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-26 Sam Allen , Julia Burnello , Johanna Ziegel

We are concerned with testing replicability hypotheses for many endpoints simultaneously. This constitutes a multiple test problem with composite null hypotheses. Traditional $p$-values, which are computed under least favourable parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-26 Anh-Tuan Hoang , Thorsten Dickhaus

Conformal predictors are machine learning algorithms that output prediction sets that have a guarantee of marginal validity for finite samples with minimal distributional assumptions. This is a property that makes conformal predictors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Anthony Bellotti

The author's recent research papers, "Cumulative deviation of a subpopulation from the full population" and "A graphical method of cumulative differences between two subpopulations" (both published in volume 8 of Springer's open-access…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-09 Mark Tygert

While generative models, especially large language models (LLMs), are ubiquitous in today's world, principled mechanisms to assess their (in)correctness are limited. Using the conformal prediction framework, previous works construct sets of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Guneet S. Dhillon , Javier González , Teodora Pandeva , Alicia Curth

Conformal prediction, and split conformal prediction as a specific implementation, offer a distribution-free approach to estimating prediction intervals with statistical guarantees. Recent work has shown that split conformal prediction can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-01 Nicolas Dewolf , Bernard De Baets , Willem Waegeman

We propose a new statistical hypothesis testing framework which decides visually, using confidence intervals, whether the means of two samples are equal or if one is larger than the other. With our method, the user can at the same time…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-06 Timothée Mathieu

Many multiple testing procedures make use of the p-values from the individual pairs of hypothesis tests, and are valid if the p-value statistics are independent and uniformly distributed under the null hypotheses. However, it has recently…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-25 Joshua D. Habiger , Edsel A. Pena

Calibration$\unicode{x2014}$the problem of ensuring that predicted probabilities align with observed class frequencies$\unicode{x2014}$is a basic desideratum for reliable prediction with machine learning systems. Calibration error is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-02 Eugène Berta , Sacha Braun , David Holzmüller , Francis Bach , Michael I. Jordan

As a convention, p-value is often computed in frequentist hypothesis testing and compared with the nominal significance level of 0.05 to determine whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. The smaller the p-value, the more significant…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-25 Haolun Shi , Guosheng Yin

Standard weather forecast evaluations focus on the forecaster's perspective and on a statistical assessment comparing forecasts and observations. In practice, however, forecasts are used to make decisions, so it seems natural to take the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Kornelius Raeth , Nicole Ludwig