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By Solovay's celebrated completeness result on formal provability we know that the provability logic $\mathrm GL$ describes exactly all provable structural properties for any sound and strong enough arithmetical theory with a decidable…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-07-01 Joost J. Joosten

We investigate the decidability of the monadic second-order (MSO) theory of the structure $\langle \mathbb{N};<,P_1, \ldots,P_d \rangle$, for various unary predicates $P_1,\ldots,P_d \subseteq \mathbb{N}$. We focus in particular on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Valérie Berthé , Toghrul Karimov , Joris Nieuwveld , Joël Ouaknine , Mihir Vahanwala , James Worrell

This paper presents two types of results related to hyperarithmetic analysis. First, we introduce new variants of the dependent choice axiom, namely $\mathrm{unique}~\Pi^1_0(\mathrm{resp.}~\Sigma^1_1)\text{-}\mathsf{DC}_0$ and…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Koki Hashimoto

We introduce and study several notions of computability-theoretic reducibility between subsets of $\omega$ that are "robust" in the sense that if only partial information is available about the oracle, then partial information can be…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Damir Dzhafarov , Gregory Igusa

We introduce the definability strength of combinatorial principles. In terms of definability strength, a combinatorial principle is strong if solving a corresponding combinatorial problem could help in simplifying the definition of a…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Wei Wang

Semi-algebraic proof systems such as sum-of-squares (SoS) have attracted a lot of attention recently due to their relation to approximation algorithms: constant degree semi-algebraic proofs lead to conjecturally optimal polynomial-time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Fedor Part , Neil Thapen , Iddo Tzameret

This article expands our work in [Ca16]. By its reliance on Turing computability, the classical theory of effectivity, along with effective reducibility and Weihrauch reducibility, is only applicable to objects that are either countable or…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Merlin Carl

We define a notion of model for the $\lambda$$\Pi$-calculus modulo theory and prove a soundness theorem. We then define a notion of super-consistency and prove that proof reduction terminates in the $\lambda$$\Pi$-calculus modulo any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Gilles Dowek

We analyze Ekeland's variational principle in the context of reverse mathematics. We find that that the full variational principle is equivalent to $\Pi^1_1$-${\sf CA}_0$, a strong theory of second-order arithmetic, while natural…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-09-16 David Fernández-Duque , Paul Shafer , Keita Yokoyama

In this paper, we introduce a hierarchy dividing the set $\{\sigma \in \Pi^1_2 : \Pi^1_1$-$\mathsf{CA}_0 \vdash \sigma\}$. Then, we give some characterizations of this set using weaker variants of some principles equivalent to…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-11-25 Yudai Suzuki , Keita Yokoyama

We investigate the existence of a class of ZFC-provably total recursive unary functions, given certain constraints, and apply some of those results to show that, for $\Sigma_1$-sound set theory, ZFC$\not\vdash P<NP$.

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2007-05-23 N. C. A. da Costa , F. A. Doria

The Scott rank of a countable structure is a measure, coming from the proof of Scott's isomorphism theorem, of the complexity of that structure. The Scott spectrum of a theory (by which we mean a sentence of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1 \omega}$)…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Matthew Harrison-Trainor

It is known that several variations of the axiom of determinacy play important roles in the study of reverse mathematics, and the relation between the hierarchy of determinacy and comprehension are revealed by Tanaka, Nemoto, Montalb\'an,…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-22 Leonardo Pacheco , Keita Yokoyama

In this article, intended for the Handbook of Recursion Theory, we survey recursion theory on the ordinal numbers, with sections devoted to $\alpha$-recursion theory, $\beta$-recursion theory and the study of the admissibility spectrum.

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Chi Tat Chong , Sy D. Friedman

We investigate infinitary wellfounded systems for linear logic with fixed points, with transfinite branching rules indexed by some closure ordinal $\alpha$ for fixed points. Our main result is that provability in the system for some…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Anupam Das , Tikhon Pshenitsyn

An ordinal view of independence is studied in the framework of possibility theory. We investigate three possible definitions of dependence, of increasing strength. One of them is the counterpart to the multiplication law in probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Didier Dubois , Luis Farinas del Cerro , Andreas Herzig , Henri Prade

We prove that if the linear-time and polynomial-time hierarchies coincide, then every model of $\Pi_1(\mathbb{N}) + \neg \Omega_1$ has a proper end-extension to a model of $\Pi_1(\mathbb{N})$, and so $\Pi_1(\mathbb{N}) + \neg \Omega_1…

Logic · Mathematics 2014-11-26 Leszek Aleksander Kołodziejczyk

We focus on formulae $\exists X.\, \varphi(\vec{Y}, X)$ of monadic second-order logic over the full binary tree, such that the witness $X$ is a well-founded set. The ordinal rank $\mathrm{rank}(X) < \omega_1$ of such a set $X$ measures its…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Damian Niwiński , Paweł Parys , Michał Skrzypczak

We study the logic obtained by endowing the language of first-order arithmetic with second-order measure quantifiers. This new kind of quantification allows us to express that the argument formula is true in a certain portion of all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Melissa Antonelli , Ugo Dal Lago , Paolo Pistone

A theory T is tight if different deductively closed extensions of T (in the same language) cannot be bi-interpretable. Many well-studied foundational theories are tight, including PA [Visser2006], ZF, Z2, and KM [enayat2017]. In this…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-05-16 Alfredo Roque Freire , Kameryn J. Williams