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In this paper, we consider a class of optimization problems constrained to the generalized Stiefel manifold. Such problems are fundamental to a wide range of real-world applications, including generalized canonical correlation analysis,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Linshuo Jiang , Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu

In this paper, we present a novel penalty model called ExPen for optimization over the Stiefel manifold. Different from existing penalty functions for orthogonality constraints, ExPen adopts a smooth penalty function without using any…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu

We study the maximization of sums of heterogeneous quadratic forms over the Stiefel manifold, a nonconvex problem that arises in several modern signal processing and machine learning applications such as heteroscedastic probabilistic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Kyle Gilman , Sam Burer , Laura Balzano

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely utilized technique for dimensionality reduction; however, its inherent lack of interpretability-stemming from dense linear combinations of all feature-limits its applicability in many domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Loc Hoang Tran

Riemannian optimization is a principled framework for solving optimization problems where the desired optimum is constrained to a smooth manifold $\mathcal{M}$. Algorithms designed in this framework usually require some geometrical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-08 Boris Shustin , Haim Avron , Barak Sober

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for dimensionality reduction, but it often overlooks fairness, especially when working with data that includes demographic characteristics. This can lead to biased representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Vidhi Rathore , Naresh Manwani

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a ubiquitous tool with many applications in machine learning including feature construction, subspace embedding, and outlier detection. In this paper, we present an algorithm for computing the top…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-10-25 Nikos Karampatziakis , Paul Mineiro

Deep learning models have become the dominant approach for multivariate time series anomaly detection (MTSAD), often reporting substantial performance improvements over classical statistical methods. However, these gains are frequently…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-20 Bruna Alves , Ana Martins , Armando J. Pinho , Sónia Gouveia

We address the problem of defining a group sparse formulation for Principal Components Analysis (PCA) - or its equivalent formulations as Low Rank approximation or Dictionary Learning problems - which achieves a compromise between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Marie Chavent , Guy Chavent

Monitoring multichannel profiles has important applications in manufacturing systems improvement, but it is non-trivial to develop efficient statistical methods due to two main challenges. First, profiles are high-dimensional functional…

Applications · Statistics 2016-03-18 Yuan Wang , Kamran Paynabar , Yajun Mei

This paper is concerned with the computation of the principal components for a general tensor, known as the tensor principal component analysis (PCA) problem. We show that the general tensor PCA problem is reducible to its special case…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-11-19 Bo Jiang , Shiqian Ma , Shuzhong Zhang

We consider optimization problems on manifolds with equality and inequality constraints. A large body of work treats constrained optimization in Euclidean spaces. In this work, we consider extensions of existing algorithms from the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-26 Changshuo Liu , Nicolas Boumal

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a fundamental tool in multivariate statistics, yet its sensitivity to outliers and limitations in distributed environments restrict its effectiveness in modern large-scale applications. To address these…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-16 Hung Hung , Zhi-Yu Jou , Su-Yun Huang , Shinto Eguchi

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

We propose a novel method of finding principal components in multivariate data sets that lie on an embedded nonlinear Riemannian manifold within a higher-dimensional space. Our aim is to extend the geometric interpretation of PCA, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Zhigang Yao , Benjamin Eltzner , Tung Pham

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most important unsupervised methods to handle high-dimensional data. However, due to the high computational complexity of its eigen decomposition solution, it hard to apply PCA to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Feiping Nie , Heng Huang

We develop asymptotic theory for principal component analysis (PCA) of a high-dimensional factor model in which the working dimension $R$ is fixed and only required to satisfy $R \ge r$, where $r$ is the true number of factors. Building on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Yuan Liao , Xin Tong , Wanjie Wang , Dacheng Xiu

In this paper, we consider a class of structured nonsmooth optimization problems over an embedded submanifold of a Euclidean space, where the first part of the objective is the sum of a difference-of-convex (DC) function and a smooth…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Qia Li , Na Zhang , Junyu Feng , Hanwei Yan

A growing body of literature in fairness-aware machine learning (fairML) aims to mitigate machine learning (ML)-related unfairness in automated decision-making (ADM) by defining metrics that measure fairness of an ML model and by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Ludwig Bothmann , Kristina Peters , Bernd Bischl