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Sequential decision-making under uncertainty often involves multiple agents learning which actions (arms) yield the highest rewards through repeated interaction with a stochastic environment. This setting is commonly modeled by cooperative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Evagoras Makridis , Themistoklis Charalambous

Conservative Contextual Bandits (CCBs) address safety in sequential decision making by requiring that an agent's policy, along with minimizing regret, also satisfies a safety constraint: the performance is not worse than a baseline policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Rohan Deb , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Arindam Banerjee

In many web applications, a recommendation is not a single item suggested to a user but a list of possibly interesting contents that may be ranked in some contexts. The combinatorial bandit problem has been studied quite extensively these…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-27 Hossein Vahabi , Paul Lagrée , Claire Vernade , Olivier Cappé

Originally motivated by default risk management applications, this paper investigates a novel problem, referred to as the profitable bandit problem here. At each step, an agent chooses a subset of the K possible actions. For each action…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-09 Mastane Achab , Stephan Clémençon , Aurélien Garivier

Decision-making problems of sequential nature, where decisions made in the past may have an impact on the future, are used to model many practically important applications. In some real-world applications, feedback about a decision is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Ronald C. van den Broek , Rik Litjens , Tobias Sagis , Luc Siecker , Nina Verbeeke , Pratik Gajane

Exposure bias is a well-known issue in recommender systems where items and suppliers are not equally represented in the recommendation results. This is especially problematic when bias is amplified over time as a few items (e.g., popular…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Masoud Mansoury , Bamshad Mobasher , Herke van Hoof

Contextual bandit algorithms are commonly used in recommender systems, where content popularity can change rapidly. These algorithms continuously learn latent mappings between users and items, based on contexts associated with them both.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Kanak Mahadik , Qingyun Wu , Shuai Li , Amit Sabne

Online platforms routinely compare multi-armed bandit algorithms, such as UCB and Thompson Sampling, to select the best-performing policy. Unlike standard A/B tests for static treatments, each run of a bandit algorithm over $T$ users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Huiling Meng , Ningyuan Chen , Xuefeng Gao

E-commerce sites strive to provide users the most timely relevant information in order to reduce shopping frictions and increase customer satisfaction. Multi armed bandit models (MAB) as a type of adaptive optimization algorithms provide…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Ding Xiang , Becky West , Jiaqi Wang , Xiquan Cui , Jinzhou Huang

Although real-world decision-making problems can often be encoded as causal multi-armed bandits (CMABs) at different levels of abstraction, a general methodology exploiting the information and computational advantages of each abstraction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Joel Dyer , Nicholas Bishop , Anisoara Calinescu , Michael Wooldridge , Fabio Massimo Zennaro

There is a rising interest in industrial online applications where data becomes available sequentially. Inspired by the recommendation of playlists to users where their preferences can be collected during the listening of the entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Giulia Romano , Andrea Agostini , Francesco Trovò , Nicola Gatti , Marcello Restelli

We study sequential decision-making in batched nonparametric contextual bandits, where actions are selected over a finite horizon divided into a small number of batches. Motivated by constraints in domains such as medicine and marketing --…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-04 Sakshi Arya

Multi-armed bandit (MAB) is a widely adopted framework for sequential decision-making under uncertainty. Traditional bandit algorithms rely solely on online data, which tends to be scarce as it must be gathered during the online phase when…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Wenlong Ji , Yihan Pan , Ruihao Zhu , Lihua Lei

We study the stochastic multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem in the presence of side-observations across actions that occur as a result of an underlying network structure. In our model, a bipartite graph captures the relationship between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Swapna Buccapatnam , Fang Liu , Atilla Eryilmaz , Ness B. Shroff

Many real-world bandit problems involve non-stationary reward distributions, where the optimal decision may shift due to evolving environments. However, the performance of some typical Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) models such as Upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Minxin Chen

A search engine usually outputs a list of $K$ web pages. The user examines this list, from the first web page to the last, and chooses the first attractive page. This model of user behavior is known as the cascade model. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Branislav Kveton , Csaba Szepesvari , Zheng Wen , Azin Ashkan

Applying causal inference models in areas such as economics, healthcare and marketing receives great interest from the machine learning community. In particular, estimating the individual-treatment-effect (ITE) in settings such as precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Jeroen Berrevoets , Sam Verboven , Wouter Verbeke

We consider the combinatorial bandits problem, where at each time step, the online learner selects a size-$k$ subset $s$ from the arms set $\mathcal{A}$, where $\left|\mathcal{A}\right| = n$, and observes a stochastic reward of each arm in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Shuo Yang , Tongzheng Ren , Inderjit S. Dhillon , Sujay Sanghavi

The contextual bandit framework is widely used to solve sequential optimization problems where the reward of each decision depends on auxiliary context variables. In settings such as medicine, business, and engineering, the decision maker…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-17 Kevin Li , Eric Laber

In this paper, we study the problem of fair sequential decision making with biased linear bandit feedback. At each round, a player selects an action described by a covariate and by a sensitive attribute. The perceived reward is a linear…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-06 Solenne Gaucher , Alexandra Carpentier , Christophe Giraud