Related papers: Fermat Theorems -- Simple Proofs

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over $\mathbb{C}$. A $\operatorname{Y}(\mathfrak{g})$-module is said to be weight if it is a weight $\mathfrak{g}$-module. We give a complete classification of simple weight…

Comments about the paper by Elsholz, Fermat's last theorem implies Euclid's infinitude of primes, (2021), and simplification.

We explicitly compute \'etale covers of the smooth Fermat curves $Y_{p+1} = \Proj k[u,v,w]/(u^{p+1} + v^{p+1} - w^{p+1})$ which trivialise the vector bundles $\Syz(u^2, v^2, w^2)(3)$, where $k$ is a field of characteristic $p \geq 3$.

For q > 2, Carlitz proved that the group of permutation polynomials (PPs) over F_q is generated by linear polynomials and x^{q-2}. Based on this result, this note points out a simple method for representing all PPs with full cycle over the…

In this paper, we prove that for any odd prime larger than 3, the modular group representation associated to the SO$(p)_2$-TQFT can be defined over the ring of integers of a cyclotomic field. We will provide explicit integral bases. In the…

Mersenne numbers and Fermat numbers are two hot and difficult issues in number theory. This paper constructs a special group for every positive odd number other than 1, and discovers an algorithm for determining the multiplicative order of…

We prove the following three closely related results. The first is that every finite simple group has a profinite presentation with 2 generators and at most 18 relations. The second is that if G is a finite simple group, F a field and M an…

We comment on two formal proofs of Fermat's sum of two squares theorem, written using the Mathematical Components libraries of the Coq proof assistant. The first one follows Zagier's celebrated one-sentence proof; the second follows David…

We observe structure in the sequences of quotients and remainders of the Euclidean algorithm with two families of inputs. Analyzing the remainders, we obtain new algorithms for computing modular inverses and representating prime numbers by…

Recently, several bounds have been obtained on the number of solutions to congruences of the type $$ (x_1+s)...(x_{\nu}+s)\equiv (y_1+s)...(y_{\nu}+s)\not\equiv0 \pmod p $$ modulo a prime $p$ with variables from some short intervals. Here,…

We show that the mod p Galois representations attached to a Q-curve E of degree d over an imaginary quadratic number field K are surjective for all p larger than some constant M_{K,d}, if E has potentially multiplicative reduction at any…

Using the representation theory of the subgroups SL_2(Z_p) of the modular group we investigate the induced fusion algebras in some simple examples. Only some of these representations lead to 'good' fusion algebras. Furthermore, the…

This paper gives an elementary proof of the result that the conjugacy classes of pairs (X,Y) of unimodular 2x2 complex matrices is an affine 3-space, parametrized by the traces of X, Y and XY. Identities for triples of elements of SL(2,C)…

We consider the capability of $p$ groups of class two and odd prime exponent. We use linear algebra and counting arguments to establish a number of new results. In particular, we settle the 4-generator case, and prove a sufficient condition…

Every nonabelian finite simple group of rank $n$ over a field of size $q$, with the possible exception of the Ree groups $^2G_2(3^{2e+1})$, has a presentation with a bounded number of generators and relations and total length $O(\log n…

Associate a unique numerical sequence called the modular signature with each positive integer, using modular residues of each integer under the prime numbers, and distinguishing between the core seed primes and non-core seed primes used to…

We explain the basic ideas, describe with proofs the main results, and demonstrate the effectiveness, of an evolving theory of vector-valued modular forms (vvmf). To keep the exposition concrete, we restrict here to the special case of the…

Let $p>5$ be a fixed prime. We obtain an asymptotic formula related to small solutions of quadratic congruences of the form $x_1^2+x_2^2\equiv x_3^2\bmod{p^n}$ where $\max\{|x_1|,|x_2|,|x_3|\}\le p^{\nu n}$ with $\nu>1/2$.

We show that modular operads are equivalent to modules over a certain simple properad which we call the Brauer properad. Furthermore, we show that, in this setting, the Feynman transform corresponds to the cobar construction for modules of…

We study small non-trivial solutions of quadratic congruences of the form $x_1^2+\alpha_2x_2^2+\alpha_3x_3^2\equiv 0 \bmod{q}$, with $q$ being an odd natural number, in an average sense. This extends previous work of the authors in which…