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Selection bias is a serious potential problem for inference about relationships of scientific interest based on samples without well-defined probability sampling mechanisms. Motivated by the potential for selection bias in (a) estimated…
Readmission prediction is a critical but challenging clinical task, as the inherent relationship between high-dimensional covariates and readmission is complex and heterogeneous. Despite this complexity, models should be interpretable to…
Gleason grading of prostate cancer is an important prognostic factor but suffers from poor reproducibility, particularly among non-subspecialist pathologists. Although artificial intelligence (A.I.) tools have demonstrated Gleason grading…
Electronic health records capture patient information using structured controlled vocabularies and unstructured narrative text. While structured data typically encodes lab values, encounters and medication lists, unstructured data captures…
For prostate cancer patients, the Gleason score is one of the most important prognostic factors, potentially determining treatment independent of the stage. However, Gleason scoring is based on subjective microscopic examination of tumor…
Prostate cancer being one of the frequently diagnosed malignancy in men, the rising demand for biopsies places a severe workload on pathologists. The grading procedure is tedious and subjective, motivating the development of automated…
Accurate recurrence risk stratification is crucial for optimizing treatment plans for breast cancer patients. Current prognostic tools like Oncotype DX (ODX) offer valuable genomic insights for HR+/HER2- patients but are limited by cost and…
Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer is a high mortality cancer. Clinical data analysis plays a crucial role in predicting the survival of colorectal cancer patients, enabling clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. However,…
Prostate cancer diagnosis through MR imaging have currently relied on radiologists' interpretation, whilst modern AI-based methods have been developed to detect clinically significant cancers independent of radiologists. In this study, we…
We evaluated the implications of different approaches to characterize uncertainty of calibrated parameters of stochastic decision models (DMs) in the quantified value of such uncertainty in decision making. We used a microsimulation DM of…
The analysis of competing risks data is often complicated by misclassification of the cause of failure. This issue can lead to seriously biased estimates and invalid conclusions. One way to deal with such misclassification is to use a…
We investigate the connection between visual semantic features defined in PI-RADS and associated risk factors, moving beyond abnormal imaging findings, establishing a shared framework between medical and AI professionals by creating a…
In many applications, it is of interest to identify a parsimonious set of features, or panel, from multiple candidates that achieves a desired level of performance in predicting a response. This task is often complicated in practice by…
Selection bias can hinder accurate estimation of association parameters in binary disease risk models using non-probability samples like electronic health records (EHRs). The issue is compounded when participants are recruited from multiple…
Background: An increasing volume of prostate biopsies and a world-wide shortage of uro-pathologists puts a strain on pathology departments. Additionally, the high intra- and inter-observer variability in grading can result in over- and…
Early identification of individuals at elevated risk of Chlamydia trachomatis infection may enable optimal use of molecular testing in resource-aware screening. We evaluate the feasibility of pre-test risk stratification (PTRS) using…
Background and Objective: Only about 14 % of eligible EU citizens finally participate in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs despite it being the third most common type of cancer worldwide. The development of CRC risk models can…
The Cox regression model and its associated hazard ratio (HR) are frequently used for summarizing the effect of treatments on time to event outcomes. However, the HR's interpretation strongly depends on the assumed underlying survival…
Managers, employers, policymakers, and others often seek to understand whether decisions are biased against certain groups. One popular analytic strategy is to estimate disparities after adjusting for observed covariates, typically with a…
With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…