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We propose a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation of rectified linear unit (ReLU) type functions. Different from the q-loss function proposed by Denchev et al. (2012), a simple discussion based on the Legendre…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-08 Go Sato , Makiko Konoshima , Takuya Ohwa , Hirotaka Tamura , Jun Ohkubo

We present a classical algorithm to find approximate solutions to instances of quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation. The algorithm can be seen as an analogue of quantum annealing under the restriction of a product state space, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Joseph Bowles , Alexandre Dauphin , Patrick Huembeli , José Martinez , Antonio Acín

Current hardware limitations restrict the potential when solving quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) or quantum annealing (QA). Thus, we consider training…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-30 Thomas Gabor , Sebastian Feld , Hila Safi , Thomy Phan , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

We present a number of quantum computing patterns that build on top of fundamental algorithms, that can be applied to solving concrete, NP-hard problems. In particular, we introduce the concept of a quantum dictionary as a summation of…

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) can be used to solve quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. However, the size of the solvable problem is limited by the number of qubits. To leverage noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Wending Zhao , Gaoxiang Tang

In finance, assessing the creditworthiness of loan applicants requires lenders to cluster borrowers using rating scales. Financial institutions must define the scales in compliance with strict institutional constraints, resulting in solving…

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri

Solving combinatorial optimization problems of the kind that can be codified by quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a promising application of quantum computation. Some problems of this class suitable for practical…

Quantum annealers offer a promising approach to solve Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, which have a wide range of applications. However, when a user submits its QUBO problem to a third-party quantum annealer, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Moyang Xie , Yuan Zhang , Sheng Zhong , Qun Li

In this paper we focus on the unconstrained binary quadratic optimization model, maximize x^t Qx, x binary, and consider the problem of identifying optimal solutions that are robust with respect to perturbations in the Q matrix.. We are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Mark Lewis , Gary Kochenberger , John Metcalfe

We propose an algorithm inspired by optical coherent Ising machines to solve the problem of polynomial unconstrained binary optimization (PUBO). We benchmark the proposed algorithm against existing PUBO algorithms on the extended…

This paper explores the applications of quantum annealing (QA) and classical simulated annealing (SA) to a suite of combinatorial optimization problems in machine learning, namely feature selection, instance selection, and clustering. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Chloe Pomeroy , Aleksandar Pramov , Karishma Thakrar , Lakshmi Yendapalli

Modular quantum computing architectures are a promising alternative to monolithic QPU (Quantum Processing Unit) designs for scaling up quantum devices. They refer to a set of interconnected QPUs or cores consisting of tightly coupled…

We present a quantum feature-selection framework based on a higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) formulation that explicitly incorporates multivariate dependencies beyond standard quadratic encodings. In contrast to…

With the advances in customized hardware for quantum annealing and digital/CMOS Annealing, Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models have received growing attention in the optimization literature. Motivated by an existing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-05 Oksana Pichugina , Yingcong Tan , Christopher Beck

Quantum computing is developing fast. Real world applications are within reach in the coming years. One of the most promising areas is combinatorial optimisation, where the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-06 Frank Phillipson , Irina Chiscop

Many computational problems involve optimization over discrete variables with quadratic interactions. Known as discrete quadratic models (DQMs), these problems in general are NP-hard. Accordingly, there is increasing interest in encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Tristan Zaborniak , Ulrike Stege

In this submission we solve the Aircraft Loading Optimization problem of the Airbus Quantum Computing Challenge. Finding the optimal loading for a plane is a challenging task for classical algorithms, especially because the solution must…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-23 Giovanni Pilon , Nicola Gugole , Nicola Massarenti

In this paper we investigate the workflow scheduling problem, a known NP-hard class of scheduling problems. We derive problem instances from an industrial use case and compare against several quantum, classical, and hybrid quantum-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 A. I. Pakhomchik , S. Yudin , M. R. Perelshtein , A. Alekseyenko , S. Yarkoni

In this note, we describe an experiment on portfolio optimization using the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation. The dataset we use is taken from a real-world problem for which a classical solution is currently…

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