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While implementing a quantum algorithm it is crucial to reduce the quantum resources, in order to obtain the desired computational advantage. For most fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting codes the cost of implementing the non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

The design and architecture of a quantum instruction set are paramount to the performance of a quantum computer. This work introduces a gate scheme for qubits with $XX+YY$ coupling that directly and efficiently realizes any two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Jianxin Chen , Dawei Ding , Weiyuan Gong , Cupjin Huang , Qi Ye

In this paper, we study the close relationship between Reed-Muller codes and single-qubit phase gates from the perspective of $T$-count optimization. We prove that minimizing the number of $T$ gates in an $n$-qubit quantum circuit over CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-29 Matthew Amy , Michele Mosca

We identify a novel qudit gate which we call the $\sqrt[d]{Z}$ gate. This is an alternate generalization of the qutrit $T$ gate to any odd prime dimension $d$, in the $d^{\text{th}}$ level of the Clifford hierarchy. Using this gate which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-22 Lia Yeh

High-quality two-qubit gate operations are crucial for scalable quantum information processing. Often, the gate fidelity is compromised when the system becomes more integrated. Therefore, a low-error-rate, easy-to-scale two-qubit gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Yuan Xu , Ji Chu , Jiahao Yuan , Jiawei Qiu , Yuxuan Zhou , Libo Zhang , Xinsheng Tan , Yang Yu , Song Liu , Jian Li , Fei Yan , Dapeng Yu

We give a novel procedure for approximating general single-qubit unitaries from a finite universal gate set by reducing the problem to a novel magnitude approximation problem, achieving an immediate improvement in sequence length by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Kristin Lauter , Romy Minko , Adam Paetznick , Christophe Petit

We study the implementation of quantum channels with quantum computers while minimizing the experimental cost, measured in terms of the number of Controlled-NOT (C-NOT) gates required (single-qubit gates are free). We consider three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-17 Raban Iten , Roger Colbeck , Matthias Christandl

Unitary and non-unitary diagonal operators are fundamental building blocks in quantum algorithms with applications in the resolution of partial differential equations, Hamiltonian simulations, the loading of classical data on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Julien Zylberman , Ugo Nzongani , Andrea Simonetto , Fabrice Debbasch

Unitary decomposition is a widely used method to map quantum algorithms to an arbitrary set of quantum gates. Efficient implementation of this decomposition allows for translation of bigger unitary gates into elementary quantum operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 A. M. Krol , A. Sarkar , I. Ashraf , Z. Al-Ars , K. Bertels

The controlled-NOT gate and controlled square-root NOT gate play an important role in quantum algorithm. This article reports the experimental results of these two universal quantum logic gates (controlled square-root NOT gate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daxiu Wei , Xiaodong Yang , Jun Luo , Xianping Sun , Xizhi Zeng , Maili Liu , Shangwu Ding

We show that higher-dimensional versions of qubits, or qudits, can be encoded into spin systems and into harmonic oscillators, yielding important advantages for quantum computation. Whereas qubit-based quantum computation is adequate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Hubert de Guise , Barry C. Sanders

We present a quantum algorithm for multiplying two $n$-bit integers with overall circuit depth and $T$-depth both bounded by $O(\log^{2} n)$, while using $O(n^{2})$ gates and ancillary qubits. Our construction generates partial products via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Fred Sun , Anton Borissov

We present a general strategy for mapping fermionic systems to quantum hardware with square qubit connectivity which yields low-depth quantum circuits, counted in the number of native two-qubit fSIM gates. We achieve this by leveraging…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Manuel G. Algaba , P. V. Sriluckshmy , Martin Leib , Fedor Šimkovic

We present a systematic construction of quantum circuits implementing Grover's database search algorithm for arbitrary number of targets. We introduce a new operator which flips the sign of the targets and evaluate its circuit complexity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Yuji Tanaka , Tsubasa Ichikawa , Masahito Tada-Umezaki , Yukihiro Ota , Mikio Nakahara

As quantum devices scale toward practical machine learning applications, the binary qubit paradigm faces expressivity and resource efficiency limitations. Multi-level quantum systems, or qudits, offer a promising alternative by harnessing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-09 Tiago de Souza Farias , Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

We design a circuit structure with linear depth to implement an $n$-qubit Toffoli gate. The proposed construction uses a quadratic-size circuit consists of elementary 2-qubit controlled-rotation gates around the x axis and uses no ancilla…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Mehdi Saeedi , Massoud Pedram

We use a random search technique to find quantum gate sequences that implement perfect quantum state preparation or unitary operator synthesis with arbitrary targets. This approach is based on the recent discovery that there is a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-25 Sahel Ashhab , Fumiki Yoshihara , Miwako Tsuji , Mitsuhisa Sato , Kouichi Semba

An efficient implementation of the Toffoli gate is of conceptual importance for running various quantum algorithms, including Grover's search and Shor's integer factorization. However, direct implementation of the Toffoli gate either…

We show how to realize a general quantum circuit involving gates between arbitrary pairs of qubits by means of geometrically local quantum operations and efficient classical computation. We prove that circuit-level local stochastic noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Shin Ho Choe , Robert Koenig

Building a quantum computer is a daunting challenge since it requires good control but also good isolation from the environment to minimize decoherence. It is therefore important to realize quantum gates efficiently, using as few operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-28 T. Bækkegaard , L. B. Kristensen , N. J. S. Loft , C. K. Andersen , D. Petrosyan , N. T. Zinner