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We prove general kernel theorems for operators acting between coorbit spaces. These are Banach spaces associated to an integrable representation of a locally compact group and contain most of the usual function spaces (Besov spaces,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-10-21 Peter Balazs , Karlheinz Gröchenig , Michael Speckbacher

This paper proposes a unified framework for the investigation of constrained learning theory in reflexive Banach spaces of features via regularized empirical risk minimization. The focus is placed on Tikhonov-like regularization with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-20 Patrick L. Combettes , Saverio Salzo , Silvia Villa

This paper is devoted to the study of vector valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We focus on reproducing kernels in vector-valued reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. In particular we extend reproducing kernels to relative reproducing…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-07 Ali Ebadian , Saeed Hashemi Sababe

The present paper provides a new representation of the solution to the fragmentation equation as a power series in the Banach space of Radon measures endowed with the total variation norm. This representation is used to justify how the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Marie Doumic , Miguel Escobedo , Magali Tournus

A possible path to the interpretability of neural networks is to (approximately) represent them in the regional format of piecewise linear functions, where regions of inputs are associated to linear functions computing the network outputs.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Sandro Preto , Marcelo Finger

The effectiveness of deep neural architectures has been widely supported in terms of both experimental and foundational principles. There is also clear evidence that the activation function (e.g. the rectifier and the LSTM units) plays a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Giuseppe Marra , Dario Zanca , Alessandro Betti , Marco Gori

The efficiency of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in dealing with sequential data has long been established. However, unlike deep, and convolution networks where we can attribute the recognition of a certain feature to every layer, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stefan Horoi , Guillaume Lajoie , Guy Wolf

This paper analyzes representations of continuous piecewise linear functions with infinite width, finite cost shallow neural networks using the rectified linear unit (ReLU) as an activation function. Through its integral representation, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sarah McCarty

The representer theorem is one of the most important mathematical foundations for regularised learning and kernel methods. Classical formulations of the theorem state sufficient conditions under which a regularisation problem on a Hilbert…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-11-04 Kevin Schlegel

This article gives dual representations for convex integral functionals on the linear space of regular processes. This space turns out to be a Banach space containing many more familiar classes of stochastic processes and its dual can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-18 Teemu Pennanen , Ari-Pekka Perkkiö

Amongst others, the adoption of Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) is regarded as one of the ingredients of the success of deep learning. ReLU activation has been shown to mitigate the vanishing gradient issue, to encourage sparsity in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-14 Nicola Picchiotti , Marco Gori

In this paper we study the variational problem associated to support vector regression in Banach function spaces. Using the Fenchel-Rockafellar duality theory, we give explicit formulation of the dual problem as well as of the related…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-08 Saverio Salzo , Johan A. K. Suykens

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very successful at solving challenging problems with sequential data. However, this observed efficiency is not yet entirely explained by theory. It is known that a certain class of multiplicative RNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Valentin Khrulkov , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Ivan Oseledets

It is difficult to describe in mathematical terms what a neural network trained on data represents. On the other hand, there is a growing mathematical understanding of what neural networks are in principle capable of representing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Daan Huybrechs

This paper focuses on establishing $L^2$ approximation properties for deep ReLU convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in two-dimensional space. The analysis is based on a decomposition theorem for convolutional kernels with a large spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Juncai He , Lin Li , Jinchao Xu

One fundamental problem in deep learning is understanding the outstanding performance of deep Neural Networks (NNs) in practice. One explanation for the superiority of NNs is that they can realize a large class of complicated functions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 H. Xiong , L. Huang , M. Yu , L. Liu , F. Zhu , L. Shao

We study the realization map of deep ReLU networks, focusing on when a function determines its parameters up to scaling and permutation. To analyze hidden redundancies beyond these standard symmetries, we introduce a framework based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Moritz Grillo , Guido Montúfar

An established measure of the expressive power of a given ReLU neural network is the number of linear regions into which it partitions the input space. There exist many different, non-equivalent definitions of what a linear region actually…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Moritz Stargalla , Christoph Hertrich , Daniel Reichman

We introduce a Banach space-valued extension of random feature learning, a data-driven supervised machine learning technique for large-scale kernel approximation. By randomly initializing the feature maps, only the linear readout needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ariel Neufeld , Philipp Schmocker

In this effort, we derive a formula for the integral representation of a shallow neural network with the ReLU activation function. We assume that the outer weighs admit a finite $L_1$-norm with respect to Lebesgue measure on the sphere. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Armenak Petrosyan , Anton Dereventsov , Clayton Webster
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