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Despite widespread interests in reinforcement-learning for task-oriented dialogue systems, several obstacles can frustrate research and development progress. First, reinforcement learners typically require interaction with the environment,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Xiujun Li , Zachary C. Lipton , Bhuwan Dhingra , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yun-Nung Chen

A promising approach for teaching artificial agents to use natural language involves using human-in-the-loop training. However, recent work suggests that current machine learning methods are too data inefficient to be trained in this way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Ryan Lowe , Abhinav Gupta , Jakob Foerster , Douwe Kiela , Joelle Pineau

Reinforcement learning techniques successfully generate convincing agent behaviors, but it is still difficult to tailor the behavior to align with a user's specific preferences. What is missing is a communication method for the system to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Christian Arzate Cruz , Takeo Igarashi

The majority of conversations a dialogue agent sees over its lifetime occur after it has already been trained and deployed, leaving a vast store of potential training signal untapped. In this work, we propose the self-feeding chatbot, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Braden Hancock , Antoine Bordes , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Jason Weston

Text-based games are a natural challenge domain for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. Their state and action spaces are combinatorially large, their reward function is sparse, and they are partially observable: the agent is informed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Vishal Jain , William Fedus , Hugo Larochelle , Doina Precup , Marc G. Bellemare

The current mainstream approach to train natural language systems is to expose them to large amounts of text. This passive learning is problematic if we are interested in developing interactive machines, such as conversational agents. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Angeliki Lazaridou , Alexander Peysakhovich , Marco Baroni

We propose Machines Talking To Machines (M2M), a framework combining automation and crowdsourcing to rapidly bootstrap end-to-end dialogue agents for goal-oriented dialogues in arbitrary domains. M2M scales to new tasks with just a task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Pararth Shah , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tür , Abhinav Rastogi , Ankur Bapna , Neha Nayak , Larry Heck

Popular methods in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with partially observable environments typically allow agents to act independently during execution, which may limit the coordinated effect of the trained policies. However,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Faizan Contractor , Li Li , Ranwa Al Mallah

We propose novel AI-empowered chat bots for learning as conversation where a user does not read a passage but gains information and knowledge through conversation with a teacher bot. Our information-acquisition-oriented dialogue system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Pengshan Cai , Hui Wan , Fei Liu , Mo Yu , Hong Yu , Sachindra Joshi

Dialogue policy learning for task-oriented dialogue systems has enjoyed great progress recently mostly through employing reinforcement learning methods. However, these approaches have become very sophisticated. It is time to re-evaluate it.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ziming Li , Julia Kiseleva , Maarten de Rijke

As dialogue agents become increasingly human-like in their performance, it is imperative that we develop effective ways to describe their behaviour in high-level terms without falling into the trap of anthropomorphism. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Murray Shanahan , Kyle McDonell , Laria Reynolds

We present the first complete attempt at concurrently training conversational agents that communicate only via self-generated language. Using DSTC2 as seed data, we trained natural language understanding (NLU) and generation (NLG) networks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Alexandros Papangelis , Yi-Chia Wang , Piero Molino , Gokhan Tur

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

Traditional recommendation systems produce static rather than interactive recommendations invariant to a user's specific requests, clarifications, or current mood, and can suffer from the cold-start problem if their tastes are unknown.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Dongyeop Kang , Anusha Balakrishnan , Pararth Shah , Paul Crook , Y-Lan Boureau , Jason Weston

In recent years, agents have become capable of communicating seamlessly via natural language and navigating in environments that involve cooperation and competition, a fact that can introduce social dilemmas. Due to the interleaving of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Maayan Orner , Oleg Maksimov , Akiva Kleinerman , Charles Ortiz , Sarit Kraus

A good dialogue agent should have the ability to interact with users by both responding to questions and by asking questions, and importantly to learn from both types of interaction. In this work, we explore this direction by designing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Jiwei Li , Alexander H. Miller , Sumit Chopra , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato , Jason Weston

The development of artificial agents able to learn through dialog without domain restrictions has the potential to allow machines to learn how to perform tasks in a similar manner to humans and change how we relate to them. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Eugénio Ribeiro , Ricardo Ribeiro , David Martins de Matos

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be challenging. Instructing tuning, i.e. tuning models on instruction and sample responses generated by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Dennis Ulmer , Elman Mansimov , Kaixiang Lin , Justin Sun , Xibin Gao , Yi Zhang

Developing adaptable, extensible, and accurate task bots with minimal or zero human intervention is a significant challenge in dialog research. This thesis examines the obstacles and potential solutions for creating such bots, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Xiaoying Zhang

Self-play, a learning paradigm where agents iteratively refine their policies by interacting with historical or concurrent versions of themselves or other evolving agents, has shown remarkable success in solving complex non-cooperative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruize Zhang , Zelai Xu , Chengdong Ma , Chao Yu , Wei-Wei Tu , Wenhao Tang , Shiyu Huang , Deheng Ye , Wenbo Ding , Yaodong Yang , Yu Wang