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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as promising surrogate modes for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Their effectiveness lies in the ability to capture solution-related features through neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Junjun Yan , Xinhai Chen , Zhichao Wang , Enqiang Zhou , Jie Liu

Deep learning methods have gained considerable interest in the numerical solution of various partial differential equations (PDEs). One particular focus is physics-informed neural networks (PINN), which integrate physical principles into…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Xi'an Li , Jiaxin Deng , Jinran Wu , Shaotong Zhang , Weide Li , You-Gan Wang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have advanced the data-driven solution of differential equations (DEs) in dynamic physical systems, yet challenges remain in explainability, scalability, and architectural complexity. This paper…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Ibrahim Shahbaz , Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Eman Hammad

Inverse problems arise almost everywhere in science and engineering where we need to infer on a quantity from indirect observation. The cases of medical, biomedical, and industrial imaging systems are the typical examples. A very high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Current PINN implementations with sequential learning strategies often experience some weaknesses, such as the failure to reproduce the previous training results when using a single network, the difficulty to strictly ensure continuity and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Yong Wang , Yanzhong Yao , Zhiming Gao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) solve time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning a mesh-free, differentiable solution that can be evaluated anywhere in space and time. However, standard space--time PINNs take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen-Yang Dai , Che-Chia Chang , Te-Sheng Lin , Ming-Chih Lai , Chieh-Hsin Lai

We formulate a general framework for hp-variational physics-informed neural networks (hp-VPINNs) based on the nonlinear approximation of shallow and deep neural networks and hp-refinement via domain decomposition and projection onto space…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Ehsan Kharazmi , Zhongqiang Zhang , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constitute a flexible deep learning approach for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), which model phenomena ranging from heat conduction to quantum mechanical systems. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aleksander Krasowski , René P. Klausen , Aycan Celik , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Wojciech Samek , Jonas Naujoks

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent a groundbreaking paradigm in scientific computing, seamlessly integrating the robust framework of deep learning with fundamental physical laws. This paper meticulously applies the standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Ahmed Aberqi , Ahmed Miloudi

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of deep learning models aiming to approximate solutions of PDEs by training neural networks to minimize the residual of the equation. Focusing on non-equilibrium fluctuating systems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Javier Castro , Benjamin Gess

A physics informed neural network (PINN) incorporates the physics of a system by satisfying its boundary value problem through a neural network's loss function. The PINN approach has shown great success in approximating the map between the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-17 Revanth Mattey , Susanta Ghosh

When solving time-dependent partial differential equations(PDEs), traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have inherent limitations: due to the lack of temporal causality, the network is forced to learn the later-time control…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Xun Yang , Guanqiu Ma , Maohua Ran

Several recent works in scientific machine learning have revived interest in the application of neural networks to partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach is to aggregate the residual form of the governing PDE and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

Physics-informed neural networks have shown significant potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) across diverse scientific fields. However, their performance often deteriorates when addressing PDEs with intricate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Nanxi Chen , Chuanjie Cui , Rujin Ma , Airong Chen , Sifan Wang

Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a powerful paradigm for flow reconstruction, seamlessly integrating sparse velocity measurements with the governing Navier-Stokes equations to recover complete velocity and latent pressure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Yixiao Qian , Jiaxu Liu , Zewei Xia , Song Chen , Chao Xu , Shengze Cai

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have received increased interest for forward, inverse, and surrogate modeling of problems described by partial differential equations (PDE). However, their application to multiphysics problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Danial Amini , Ehsan Haghighat , Ruben Juanes

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a promising framework for solving inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) by integrating observational data and physical constraints in a unified optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yongsheng Chen , Yong Chen , Wei Guo , Xinghui Zhong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising way to compute the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks. However, despite their significant success in various fields, it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Seungchan Ko , Sang Hyeon Park

Solving time-dependent Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is one of the most critical problems in computational science. While Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) offer a promising framework for approximating PDE solutions, their…