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Coalescing involves gluing one or more rooted graphs onto another graph. Under specific conditions, it is possible to start with cospectral graphs that are coalesced in similar ways that will result in new cospectral graphs. We present a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-03 Sajid Bin Mahamud , Steve Butler , Hannah Graff , Nick Layman , Taylor Luck , Jiah Jin , Noah Owen , Angela Yuan

The Hosoya polynomial of a graph encompasses many of its metric properties, for instance the Wiener index (alias average distance) and the hyper-Wiener index. An expression is obtained that reduces the computation of the Hosoya polynomials…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-14 Emeric Deutsch , Sandi Klavzar

We consider matrices of the form $qD+A$, with $D$ being the diagonal matrix of degrees, $A$ being the adjacency matrix, and $q$ a fixed value. Given a graph $H$ and $B\subseteq V(G)$, which we call a coalescent pair $(H,B)$, we derive a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Steve Butler , Elena D'Avanzo , Rachel Heikkinen , Joel Jeffries , Alyssa Kruczek , Harper Niergarth

Spectral hypergraph theory mainly concerns using hypergraph spectra to obtain structural information about the given hypergraphs. The study of cospectral hypergraphs is important since it reveals which hypergraph properties cannot be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Aida Abiad , Antonina P. Khramova

Graphs can be associated with a matrix according to some rule and we can find the spectrum of a graph with respect to that matrix. Two graphs are cospectral if they have the same spectrum. Constructions of cospectral graphs help us…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kate Lorenzen

A set of graphs are called cospectral if their adjacency matrices have the same characteristic polynomial. In this paper we introduce a simple method for constructing infinite families of cospectral regular graphs. The construction is valid…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-12 Michael Haythorpe , Alex Newcombe

A constructive method is given for obtaining cospectral vertices in undirected graphs, along with an operation that preserves this construction. We prove that the construction yields cospectral vertices, as well as strongly cospectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Onur Ege Erden , Fatihcan M. Atay

Cospectral graphs are a fascinating concept in graph theory, where two non-isomorphic graphs possess identical sets of eigenvalues. In this paper, we compute the $A_\alpha$-characteristic polynomial of neighbour and non-neighbour splitting…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Najiya V K , Chithra A

Construction of non-isomorphic cospectral graphs is a nontrivial problem in spectral graph theory specially for large graphs. In this paper, we establish that graph theoretical partial transpose of a graph is a potential tool to create…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-13 Supriyo Dutta , Bibhas Adhikari

We give a construction of a family of (weighted) graphs that are pairwise cospectral with respect to the normalized Laplacian matrix, or equivalently probability transition matrix. This construction can be used to form pairs of cospectral…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-08 Steve Butler , Kristin Heysse

An invariant for cospectral graphs is a property shared by all cospectral graphs. In this paper, we establish three novel arithmetic invariants for cospectral graphs, revealing deep connections between spectral properties and combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Yizhe Ji , Quanyu Tang , Wei Wang , Hao Zhang

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are \emph{cospectral} if the adjacency matrices share the same spectrum. Constructing cospectral non-isomorphic graphs has been studied extensively for many years and various constructions are known in the literature,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Lihuan Mao , Fu Yan

In this note we obtain an explicit formula for the Hosoya polynomial of any distance-regular graph in terms of its intersection array. As a consequence, we obtain a very simple formula for the Hosoya polynomial of any strongly regular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-13 Emeric Deutsch , Juan A. Rodriguez-Velazquez

The $k$-coalescence of two graphs is obtained by merging a $k$-clique of each graph. The $A_\alpha$-matrix of a graph is the convex combination of its degree matrix and adjacency matrix. In this paper, we present some structural properties…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Najiya V K , Chithra A

In this paper, we examine roots of graph polynomials where those roots can be considered as structural graph measures. More precisely, we prove analytical results for the roots of certain modified graph polynomials and also discuss…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Simon Brezovnik , Matthias Dehmer , Niko Tratnik , Petra Žigert Pleteršek

Two graphs having the same spectrum are said to be cospectral. A pair of singularly cospectral graphs is formed by two graphs such that the absolute values of their nonzero eigenvalues coincide. Clearly, a pair of cospectral graphs is also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Cristian M. Conde , Ezequiel Dratman , Luciano N. Grippo

In 2010, Butler introduced the unfolding operation on a bipartite graph to produce two bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for the adjacency and the normalized Laplacian matrices. In this article, we describe how the idea of unfolding a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-22 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hitesh Wankhede

Assumed to be undirected, simple, and connected are all of the graphs in this study, and adjacency matrix $A$ serves as the associated matrix. In this paper we show that it is possible to relate a creation sequence for a type of cographs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Santanu Mandal , Ranjit Mehatari

In [Steve Butler. A note about cospectral graphs for the adjacency and normalized Laplacian matrices. Linear Multilinear Algebra, 58(3-4):387-390, 2010.], Butler constructed a family of bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-04 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada

For vertex and edge connectivity we construct infinitely many pairs of regular graphs with the same spectrum, but with different connectivity.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-12 Willem H. Haemers
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