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We provide a statistically robust and accurate framework to measure and track the polarisation state of light employing Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. This is achieved by combining the concepts of maximum likelihood estimation and Fisher…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Natapon Harnchaiwat , Feng Zhu , Niclas Westerberg , Erik Gauger , Jonathan Leach

Optical interferometry has been a long-standing setup for characterization of quantum states of light. Both the linear and the nonlinear interferences can provide information about the light statistics an underlying detail of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 Konstantin E. Dorfman , Shahaf Asban , Bing Gu , Shaul Mukamel

The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is a paradigmatic quantum phenomenon demonstrating the interference of two indistinguishable photons that are linearly coupled at a 50:50 beam splitter. Here, we transpose such a two-particle quantum interference…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference effect lies at the heart of many emerging quantum technologies whose performance can be significantly enhanced with increasing numbers of entangled modes one could measure and thus utilize. Photon pairs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Xiaoqin Gao , Yingwen Zhang , Alessio D'Errico , Khabat Heshami , Ebrahim Karimi

We review some recent experiments based upon multimode two-photon interference of photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The new element provided by these experiments is the inclusion of the transverse spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. P. Walborn , W. A. T. Nogueira , A. N. de Oliveira , S. Pádua , C. H. Monken

A peak in coincidence events has been observed in a modified Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer fed with weak coherent states inside the region of overlapping wave-packets. The inversion of the usual interference pattern represented by the HOM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-14 G. C. Amaral , F. Calliari , T. Ferreira da Silva , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

Two-photon interference in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer can be used as a quantum sensing mechanism due to the sensitivity of the interference dip to perturbations of the photon indistinguishability. In particular, recent works have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Carolina Gonçalves , Tiago D. Ferreira , Catarina S. Monteiro , Nuno A. Silva

The Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is a versatile tool for analyzing the joint properties of photon pairs, relying on a truly quantum interference effect between two-photon probability amplitudes. While the theory behind this form of…

We develop a fully spatio-temporal numerical model, based on stochastic simulations, simulating the generation of spatio-temporal multimode spontaneous parametric down conversion, the propagation of the signal and idler beams through a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 Fabrice Devaux , Alexis Mosset , Eric Lantz

We use time-frequency continuous variables as the standard framework to describe states of light in the subspace of individual photons occupying distinguishable auxiliary modes. We adapt to this setting the interplay between metrological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-02 Éloi Descamps , Arne Keller , Pérola Milman

In the study of quantum limits to parameter estimation, the high dimensionality of the density operator and that of the unknown parameters have long been two of the most difficult challenges. Here we propose a theory of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Mankei Tsang , Francesco Albarelli , Animesh Datta

The quantum interference of two wavelength-entangled photons overlapping at a beamsplitter results in an oscillating interference pattern. The frequency of the beat note is dependent on the wavelength separation of the entangled photons but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Cyril Torre , Alex McMillan , Jorge Monroy-Ruz , Jonathan C. F. Matthews

A recently proposed phase-estimation protocol that is based on measuring the parity of a two-mode squeezed-vacuum state at the output of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer shows that Cram\'{e}r-Rao bound sensitivity can be obtained [P.\ M.\…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-10 Keith R. Motes , Petr M. Anisimov , Jonathan P. Dowling

When two indistinguishable photons are each incident on separate input ports of a beamsplitter they `bunch' deterministically, exiting via the same port as a direct consequence of their bosonic nature. This two-photon interference effect…

Two-photon quantum interference at a beam splitter, commonly known as Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, was recently demonstrated with \emph{microwave-frequency} photons by Lang \emph{et al.}\,\cite{lang:microwaveHOM}. This experiment employed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 M. J. Woolley , C. Lang , C. Eichler , A. Wallraff , A. Blais

Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometers are valuable tools in many Quantum Information and Quantum Optics applications that require photon indistinguishability. The theoretical limit for the Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility is 0.5 for indistinguishable…

We report the experimental observation of a spatio-temporal Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference of bi-photon states of extremely high Schmidt number. Two-photon interference of 1500 spatial modes and a total of more than 3x10^6…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Fabrice Devaux , Alexis Mosset , Paul-Antoine Moreau , Eric Lantz

We examine the precision limits of Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) timing measurements, as well as precision limits applying to generalized two-photon measurements. As a special case, we consider the use of two-photon measurements using photons with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Kyle M. Jordan , Raphael A. Abrahao , Jeff S. Lundeen

In recent works we have explored a multi-photon extension of the celebrated two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which the quantum amplitudes for a two-photon input to a lossless, balanced 50:50 beamsplitter (BS) undergoes complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Paul M. Alsing , Richard J. Birrittella

In this paper, we revisit the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which two photons, which meet at a beamsplitter, can interfere destructively, leading to null in coincidence counts. In a standard HOM measurement, the coincidence…