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A cryptocurrency is a decentralized digital currency that is designed for secure and private asset transfer and storage. As a currency, it should be difficult to counterfeit and double-spend. In this paper, we review and analyze the major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Ehab Zaghloul , Tongtong Li , Matt Mutka , Jian Ren

The rapid evolution of blockchain technology has brought together stakeholders from fundamentally different backgrounds. The result is a diverse ecosystem, as exemplified by the development of a wide range of different blockchain protocols.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Stefanos Leonardos , Daniel Reijsbergen , Georgios Piliouras

Cryptoeconomic incentives in the form of blockchain-based tokens are seen as an enabler of the sharing economy that could shift society towards greater sustainability. Nevertheless, knowledge of the impact of these tokens on human sharing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Mark Christopher Ballandies

The continuing expansion of the blockchain ecosystems has attracted much attention from the research community. However, although a large number of research studies have been proposed to understand the diverse characteristics of individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Ningyu He , Weihang Su , Zhou Yu , Xinyu Liu , Fengyi Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo , Gareth Tyson , Lei Wu , Yao Guo

In recent years, tokenomic systems, decentralized systems that use cryptographic tokens to represent value and rights, have evolved considerably. Growing complexity in incentive structures has expanded the applicability of blockchain beyond…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Samela Kivilo , Alex Norta , Marie Hattingh , Sowelu Avanzo , Luca Pennella

The development of blockchain technology has significantly enhanced the security and transparency of personal information and transaction records. Concurrent with the advancement of blockchain technology and the emergence of the digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zeng Zhang , Xiaoqi Li

We discuss several uses of blockchain (and, more generally, distributed ledger) technologies outside of cryptocurrencies with a pragmatic view. We mostly focus on three areas: the role of coin economies for what we refer to as data malls…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-07-04 Zura Kakushadze , Ronald P. Russo

As the killer application of blockchain technology, blockchain-based payments have attracted extensive attention ranging from hobbyists to corporates to regulatory bodies. Blockchain facilitates fast, secure, and cross-border payments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Qinghua Lu , Xiwei Xu , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Shiping Chen , Liming Zhu

This research paper presents a thorough economic analysis of Bitcoin and its impact. We delve into fundamental principles, and technological evolution into a prominent decentralized digital currency. Analysing Bitcoin's economic dynamics,…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-18 Ishmeet Matharoo

Supply chain integration remains an elusive goal for the construction and engineering industry. The high degree of fragmentation and the reliance on third-party financial institutions has pushed the physical and financial supply chains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Hesam Hamledari , Martin Fischer

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger used to securely exchange digital currency, perform deals and transactions efficient manner, each user of the network has access to the least copy of the encrypted ledger so that they can validate a new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Bosubabu Sambana

Crypto-assets are a main segment of electronic markets, with growing trade volume and market share, yet there's no unified and comprehensive asset level taxonomy framework. This paper develops a multidimensional taxonomy for crypto-assets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Xiao Zhang , Juan Ignacio Ibañez , Jiahua Xu

The explosive advent of the blockchain technology has led to hundreds of blockchain systems in the industry, thousands of academic papers published over the last few years, and an even larger number of new initiatives and projects. Despite…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Mohammad Hossein Tabatabaei , Roman Vitenberg , Narasimha Raghavan Veeraragavan

The famous new money Bitcoin is classified as a technical informational money (TIM). Besides introducing the idea of a TIM, a more extreme notion of informational money will be developed: exclusively informational money (EXIM). The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Jan A. Bergstra , Karl de Leeuw

Blockchain systems come with a promise of decentralization that often stumbles on a roadblock when key decisions about modifying the software codebase need to be made. This is attested by the fact that both of the two major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Aggelos Kiayias , Philip Lazos

Cryptocurrency network analysis consists of applying the tools and methods of social network analysis to transactional data issued from cryptocurrencies. The main difference with most online social networks is that users do not exchange…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Natkamon Tovanich , Célestin Coquidé , Rémy Cazabet

Bitcoin is the first implementation of what has become known as a 'public permissionless' blockchain. Guaranteeing security and protocol conformity through its elegant combination of cryptographic assurances and game theoretic economic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-23 D. McGinn , D McIlwraith , Y. Guo

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative paradigm for decentralized and secure data management across diverse application domains, including healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things. Its core features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hojer Key

In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mohsen Ghorbian , Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani

Anonymity in Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic currency system, is a complicated issue. Within the system, users are identified by public-keys only. An attacker wishing to de-anonymize its users will attempt to construct the one-to-many…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-05-08 Fergal Reid , Martin Harrigan