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The point estimates of ReLU classification networks---arguably the most widely used neural network architecture---have been shown to yield arbitrarily high confidence far away from the training data. This architecture, in conjunction with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-20 Agustinus Kristiadi , Matthias Hein , Philipp Hennig

We study the necessary and sufficient complexity of ReLU neural networks---in terms of depth and number of weights---which is required for approximating classifier functions in $L^2$. As a model class, we consider the set $\mathcal{E}^\beta…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

Convolutional neural networks have shown impressive abilities in many applications, especially those related to the classification tasks. However, for the regression problem, the abilities of convolutional structures have not been fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Zhiying Fang , Guang Cheng

In this paper, we establish universal approximation theorems for neural networks applied to general nonlinear ill-posed operator equations. In addition to the approximation error, the measurement error is also taken into account in our…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Lan Wang , Qiao Zhu , Bangti Jin , Ye Zhang

We consider neural networks with a single hidden layer and non-decreasing homogeneous activa-tion functions like the rectified linear units. By letting the number of hidden units grow unbounded and using classical non-Euclidean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Francis Bach

Purpose: To develop neural network (NN)-based quantitative MRI parameter estimators with minimal bias and a variance close to the Cram\'er-Rao bound. Theory and Methods: We generalize the mean squared error loss to control the bias and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Andrew Mao , Sebastian Flassbeck , Jakob Assländer

In this paper we consider regression problems subject to arbitrary noise in the operator or design matrix. This characterization appropriately models many physical phenomena with uncertainty in the regressors. Although the problem has been…

Computation · Statistics 2021-04-08 Richard J Clancy , Stephen Becker

In this paper, we consider robust nonparametric regression using deep neural networks with ReLU activation function. While several existing theoretically justified methods are geared towards robustness against identical heavy-tailed noise…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-01 Juntong Chen

It is widely believed that a neural network can fit a training set containing at least as many samples as it has parameters, underpinning notions of overparameterized and underparameterized models. In practice, however, we only find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Ravid Shwartz-Ziv , Micah Goldblum , Arpit Bansal , C. Bayan Bruss , Yann LeCun , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Training neural networks means solving a high-dimensional optimization problem. Normally the goal is to minimize a loss function that depends on what is called the network function, or in other words the function that gives the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Umberto Michelucci

In this work, we propose a new training method for finding minimum weight norm solutions in over-parameterized neural networks (NNs). This method seeks to improve training speed and generalization performance by framing NN training as a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-22 Yamini Bansal , Madhu Advani , David D Cox , Andrew M Saxe

Deep neural networks' remarkable ability to correctly fit training data when optimized by gradient-based algorithms is yet to be fully understood. Recent theoretical results explain the convergence for ReLU networks that are wider than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Asaf Noy , Yi Xu , Yonathan Aflalo , Lihi Zelnik-Manor , Rong Jin

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for implicit data representation to evaluate similarity of input data using a trained neural network. In contrast to the previous approach, which uses gradients for representation, we utilize only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Alan Savushkin , Nikita Benkovich , Dmitry Golubev

Given a training set, a loss function, and a neural network architecture, it is often taken for granted that optimal network parameters exist, and a common practice is to apply available optimization algorithms to search for them. In this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Quoc-Tung Le , Elisa Riccietti , Rémi Gribonval

Neural networks are usually trained with different variants of gradient descent based optimization algorithms such as stochastic gradient descent or the Adam optimizer. Recent theoretical work states that the critical points (where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Adrian Barbu

We study the approximation of the median of $d$ inputs using ReLU neural networks. We present depth-width tradeoffs under several settings, culminating in a constant-depth, linear-width construction that achieves exponentially small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abhigyan Dutta , Itay Safran , Paul Valiant

We analyze approximation rates of deep ReLU neural networks for Sobolev-regular functions with respect to weaker Sobolev norms. First, we construct, based on a calculus of ReLU networks, artificial neural networks with ReLU activation…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-22 Ingo Gühring , Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen

A Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) network is a depth-2 neural network with random inner weights and biases. Only the outer weights of such an architecture are to be learned, so the learning process boils down to a linear optimization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-26 Palina Salanevich , Olov Schavemaker

We study the loss surface of a feed-forward neural network with ReLU non-linearities, regularized with weight decay. We show that the regularized loss function is piecewise strongly convex on an important open set which contains, under some…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Tristan Milne

We bound the excess risk of interpolating deep linear networks trained using gradient flow. In a setting previously used to establish risk bounds for the minimum $\ell_2$-norm interpolant, we show that randomly initialized deep linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Niladri S. Chatterji , Philip M. Long