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Multilingual proficiency presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). English-centric models are usually suboptimal in other languages, particularly those that are linguistically distant from English. This performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Geyu Lin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Most languages lack sufficient data for large-scale monolingual pretraining, creating a "data wall." Multilingual pretraining helps but is limited by language imbalance and the "curse of multilinguality." An alternative is to translate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Dan John Velasco , Matthew Theodore Roque

Multilingual language models have shown impressive cross-lingual transfer ability across a diverse set of languages and tasks. To improve the cross-lingual ability of these models, some strategies include transliteration and finer-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Sonal Sannigrahi , Rachel Bawden

Developing a unified multilingual model has long been a pursuit for machine translation. However, existing approaches suffer from performance degradation -- a single multilingual model is inferior to separately trained bilingual ones on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Yaoming Zhu , Jiangtao Feng , Chengqi Zhao , Mingxuan Wang , Lei Li

Large language models have demonstrated exceptional performance across multiple crosslingual NLP tasks, including machine translation (MT). However, persistent challenges remain in addressing context-sensitive units (CSUs), such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Qiuyu Ding , Zhiqiang Cao , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao

We introduce MT-LENS, a framework designed to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) systems across a variety of tasks, including translation quality, gender bias detection, added toxicity, and robustness to misspellings. While several toolkits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Xixian Liao , Maite Melero

The field of unsupervised machine translation has seen significant advancement from the marriage of the Transformer and the back-translation algorithm. The Transformer is a powerful generative model, and back-translation leverages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Benjamin Brimacombe , Jiawei Zhou

Can we improve machine translation (MT) with LLMs by rewriting their inputs automatically? Users commonly rely on the intuition that well-written text is easier to translate when using off-the-shelf MT systems. LLMs can rewrite text in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dayeon Ki , Marine Carpuat

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) often demonstrate a performance gap between English and non-English languages, particularly in low-resource settings. Aligning these models to low-resource languages is essential yet challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Rakesh Paul , Anusha Kamath , Kanishk Singla , Raviraj Joshi , Utkarsh Vaidya , Sanjay Singh Chauhan , Niranjan Wartikar

Cross-lingual text classification leverages text classifiers trained in a high-resource language to perform text classification in other languages with no or minimal fine-tuning (zero/few-shots cross-lingual transfer). Nowadays,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Gholamreza Haffari , Massimo Piccardi

Unsupervised machine translation (MT) has recently achieved impressive results with monolingual corpora only. However, it is still challenging to associate source-target sentences in the latent space. As people speak different languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Po-Yao Huang , Junjie Hu , Xiaojun Chang , Alexander Hauptmann

Cross-lingual Summarization (CLS) aims at producing a summary in the target language for an article in the source language. Traditional solutions employ a two-step approach, i.e. translate then summarize or summarize then translate.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Ruochen Xu , Chenguang Zhu , Yu Shi , Michael Zeng , Xuedong Huang

Reasoning-oriented large language models (RLMs) achieve strong gains on tasks such as mathematics and coding by generating explicit intermediate reasoning. However, their impact on machine translation (MT) remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sara Rajaee , Sebastian Vincent , Alexandre Berard , Marzieh Fadaee , Kelly Marchisio , Tom Kocmi

We report the result of the first edition of the WMT shared task on Translation Suggestion (TS). The task aims to provide alternatives for specific words or phrases given the entire documents generated by machine translation (MT). It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Zhen Yang , Fandong Meng , Yingxue Zhang , Ernan Li , Jie Zhou

Multilingual modelling can improve machine translation for low-resource languages, partly through shared subword representations. This paper studies the role of subword segmentation in cross-lingual transfer. We systematically compare the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Francois Meyer , Jan Buys

While modern machine translation has relied on large parallel corpora, a recent line of work has managed to train Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems from monolingual corpora only (Artetxe et al., 2018c; Lample et al., 2018). Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre

Conventional retrieval-augmented neural machine translation (RANMT) systems leverage bilingual corpora, e.g., translation memories (TMs). Yet, in many settings, monolingual corpora in the target language are often available. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Maxime Bouthors , Josep Crego , François Yvon

In this paper, we address the task of improving pair-wise machine translation for specific low resource Indian languages. Multilingual NMT models have demonstrated a reasonable amount of effectiveness on resource-poor languages. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Kartheek Akella , Sai Himal Allu , Sridhar Suresh Ragupathi , Aman Singhal , Zeeshan Khan , Vinay P. Namboodiri , C V Jawahar

The successful adaptation of multilingual language models (LMs) to a specific language-task pair critically depends on the availability of data tailored for that condition. While cross-lingual transfer (XLT) methods have contributed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Seong Hoon Lim , Taejun Yun , Jinhyeon Kim , Jihun Choi , Taeuk Kim

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) aims to translate a continuous input text stream into another language with the lowest latency and highest quality possible. The translation thus has to start with an incomplete source text, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Ozan Caglayan , Julia Ive , Veneta Haralampieva , Pranava Madhyastha , Loïc Barrault , Lucia Specia