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We present a simple, model-agnostic post-processing technique for fine-grained Arabic readability classification in the BAREC 2025 Shared Task (19 ordinal levels). Our method applies conformal prediction to generate prediction sets with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ahmed Abdou

Text Classification is the process of categorizing text into the relevant categories and its algorithms are at the core of many Natural Language Processing (NLP). Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and NLP are the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mamata Das , Selvakumar K. , P. J. A. Alphonse

We consider the problem of distinguishing human-written creative fiction (excerpts from novels) from similar text generated by an LLM. Our results show that, while human observers perform poorly (near chance levels) on this binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Minerva Suvanto , Andrea McGlinchey , Mattias Wahde , Peter J Barclay

In this work, we present several deep learning models for the automatic diacritization of Arabic text. Our models are built using two main approaches, viz. Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), with several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Ali Fadel , Ibraheem Tuffaha , Bara' Al-Jawarneh , Mahmoud Al-Ayyoub

This article presents an evaluation of several machine learning methods applied to automated text classification, alongside the design of a demonstrative system for unbalanced document categorization and distribution. The study focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Radoslaw Roszczyk , Pawel Tecza , Maciej Stodolski , Krzysztof Siwek

Readability assessment aims to evaluate the reading difficulty of a text. In recent years, while deep learning technology has been gradually applied to readability assessment, most approaches fail to consider either the length of the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yurui Zheng , Yijun Chen , Shaohong Zhang

Evaluating the readability of a text can significantly facilitate the precise expression of information in written form. The formulation of text readability assessment involves the identification of meaningful properties of the text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hamid Mohammadi , Seyed Hossein Khasteh , Tahereh Firoozi , Taha Samavati

In order to provide benchmark performance for Urdu text document classification, the contribution of this paper is manifold. First, it pro-vides a publicly available benchmark dataset manually tagged against 6 classes. Second, it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Muhammad Nabeel Asim , Muhammad Usman Ghani , Muhammad Ali Ibrahim , Sheraz Ahmad , Waqar Mahmood , Andreas Dengel

Classifying text is a method for categorizing documents into pre-established groups. Text documents must be prepared and represented in a way that is appropriate for the algorithms used for data mining prior to classification. As a result,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Esra'a Alhenawi , Ruba Abu Khurma , Pedro A. Castillo , Maribel G. Arenas

We propose a new approach to multi-factor classification of natural language texts based on weighted structured patterns such as N-grams, taking into account the heterarchical relationships between them, applied to solve such a socially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Anton Kolonin , Anna Arinicheva

In this paper, we present a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) Sentence difficulty classifier, which predicts the difficulty of sentences for language learners using either the CEFR proficiency levels or the binary classification as simple or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Nouran Khallaf , Serge Sharoff

Text Document classification aims in associating one or more predefined categories based on the likelihood suggested by the training set of labeled documents. Many machine learning algorithms play a vital role in training the system with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-03-10 Vidhya. K. A , G. Aghila

The complexities of Arabic language in morphology, orthography and dialects makes sentiment analysis for Arabic more challenging. Also, text feature extraction from short messages like tweets, in order to gauge the sentiment, makes this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Abdulaziz M. Alayba , Vasile Palade , Matthew England , Rahat Iqbal

Estimating item difficulty through field-testing is often resource-intensive and time-consuming. As such, there is strong motivation to develop methods that can predict item difficulty at scale using only the item content. Large Language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Pooya Razavi , Sonya Powers

In recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the number of complex documents and texts that require a deeper understanding of machine learning methods to be able to accurately classify texts in many applications. Many machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Kamran Kowsari , Kiana Jafari Meimandi , Mojtaba Heidarysafa , Sanjana Mendu , Laura E. Barnes , Donald E. Brown

Arabic dialect identification is a specific task of natural language processing, aiming to automatically predict the Arabic dialect of a given text. Arabic dialect identification is the first step in various natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Maha J. Althobaiti

We present a set of novel neural supervised and unsupervised approaches for determining the readability of documents. In the unsupervised setting, we leverage neural language models, whereas in the supervised setting, three different neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Matej Martinc , Senja Pollak , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

Text classification has become a crucial task in various fields, leading to a significant amount of research on developing automated text classification systems for national and international languages. However, there is a growing need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Mursal Dawodi , Jawid Ahmad Baktash

Readability assessment aims to automatically classify text by the level appropriate for learning readers. Traditional approaches to this task utilize a variety of linguistically motivated features paired with simple machine learning models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Tovly Deutsch , Masoud Jasbi , Stuart Shieber

In this paper, we present the system submitted to "SemEval-2020 Task 12". The proposed system aims at automatically identify the Offensive Language in Arabic Tweets. A machine learning based approach has been used to design our system. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Hamada A. Nayel