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Graph transformers are the state-of-the-art for learning from graph-structured data and are empirically known to avoid several pitfalls of message-passing architectures. However, there is limited theoretical analysis on why these models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-19 Nil Ayday , Lingchu Yang , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

Exchangeable random graphs, which include some of the most widely studied network models, have emerged as the mainstay of statistical network analysis in recent years. Graphons, which are the central objects in graph limit theory, provide a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Anirban Chatterjee , Soham Dan , Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

Graph filters are one of the core tools in graph signal processing. A central aspect of them is their direct distributed implementation. However, the filtering performance is often traded with distributed communication and computational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-05-01 Mario Coutino , Elvin Isufi , Geert Leus

Many signals on Cartesian product graphs appear in the real world, such as digital images, sensor observation time series, and movie ratings on Netflix. These signals are "multi-dimensional" and have directional characteristics along each…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-22 Takashi Kurokawa , Taihei Oki , Hiromichi Nagao

The shift operation plays a crucial role in the classical signal processing. It is the generator of all the filters and the basic operation for time-frequency analysis, such as windowed Fourier transform and wavelet transform. With the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-04 Lihua Yang , Qing Zhang , Qian Zhang , Chao Huang

We construct a sequence of finite graphs that weakly converge to a Cayley graph, but there is no labelling of the edges that would converge to the corresponding Cayley diagram. A similar construction is used to give graph sequences that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-11 Adam Timar

Let $G$ be an arbitrary group. We define a gain-line graph for a gain graph $(\Gamma,\psi)$ through the choice of an incidence $G$-phase matrix inducing $\psi$. We prove that the switching equivalence class of the gain function on the line…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Matteo Cavaleri , Daniele D'Angeli , Alfredo Donno

The adaptive processing of structured data is a long-standing research topic in machine learning that investigates how to automatically learn a mapping from a structured input to outputs of various nature. Recently, there has been an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Federico Errica

Consider a random graph process with $n$ vertices corresponding to points $v_{i} \sim {Unif}[0,1]$ embedded randomly in the interval, and where edges are inserted between $v_{i}, v_{j}$ independently with probability given by the graphon…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-26 Jeannette Janssen , Aaron Smith

Theoretical development and applications of graph signal processing (GSP) have attracted much attention. In classical GSP, the underlying structures are restricted in terms of dimensionality. A graph is a combinatorial object that models…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-26 Feng Ji , Giacomo Kahn , Wee Peng Tay

While a common assumption in graph signal analysis is the smoothness of the signals or the band-limitedness of their spectrum, in many instances the spectrum of real graph data may be concentrated at multiple regions of the spectrum,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-20 Osman Furkan Kar , Gülce Turhan , Elif Vural

The design of Graph Transformers (GTs) generally neglects considerations for fairness, resulting in biased outcomes against certain sensitive subgroups. Since GTs encode graph information without relying on message-passing mechanisms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Renqiang Luo , Huafei Huang , Shuo Yu , Xiuzhen Zhang , Feng Xia

As irregularly structured data representations, graphs have received a large amount of attention in recent years and have been widely applied to various real-world scenarios such as social, traffic, and energy settings. Compared to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-12 Yi Yan , Jiacheng Hou , Zhenjie Song , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu

In digital signal processing, shift-invariant filters can be represented as a polynomial expansion of a shift operation,that is, the Z-transform representation. When extended to graph signal processing (GSP), this would mean that a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-15 Liyan Chen , Samuel Cheng , Vlandimir Stankovic , Lina Stankovic

Graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on graph learning tasks, but training on large-scale networks remains computationally challenging. Transferability results show that GNNs with fixed weights can generalize from smaller…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-17 Haoyu Wang , Renyuan Ma , Gonzalo Mateos , Luana Ruiz

Graph signal processing extends spectral analysis to data supported on irregular domains. Existing fractional transforms for two-dimensional graph signals, including the two-dimensional graph fractional Fourier transform (GFRFT), typically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Mingzhi Wang , Manjun Cui , Feiyue Zhao , Yangfan He , Zhichao Zhang

We highlight a topological aspect of the graph limit theory. Graphons are limit objects for convergent sequences of dense graphs. We introduce the representation of a graphon on a unique metric space and we relate the dimension of this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-02-24 László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

The analysis of multi-dimensional graph signals on complex structured domains remains a fundamental challenge,

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Linbo Shang

In this paper we consider the problem of defining transforms for signals on directed graphs, with a specific focus on defective graphs where the corresponding graph operator cannot be diagonalized. Our proposed method is based on the Schur…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-19 Julia Barrufet , Antonio Ortega

The study of sampling signals on graphs, with the goal of building an analog of sampling for standard signals in the time and spatial domains, has attracted considerable attention recently. Beyond adding to the growing theory on graph…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Yuichi Tanaka , Yonina C. Eldar , Antonio Ortega , Gene Cheung