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While transformer-based finetuning techniques have proven effective in tasks that involve low-resource, low-data environments, a lack of properly established baselines and benchmark datasets make it hard to compare different approaches that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Charibeth Cheng

The field of natural language processing (NLP) has recently seen a large change towards using pre-trained language models for solving almost any task. Despite showing great improvements in benchmark datasets for various tasks, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Lukas Lange , Heike Adel , Jannik Strötgen , Dietrich Klakow

Language pairs with limited amounts of parallel data, also known as low-resource languages, remain a challenge for neural machine translation. While the Transformer model has achieved significant improvements for many language pairs and has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Ali Araabi , Christof Monz

In this paper, we elaborate upon recipes for building multilingual representation models that are not only competitive with existing state-of-the-art models but are also more parameter efficient, thereby promoting better adoption in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Barun Patra , Saksham Singhal , Shaohan Huang , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Vishrav Chaudhary , Xia Song

In this paper, we combine two-step knowledge distillation, structured pruning, truncation, and vocabulary trimming for extremely compressing multilingual encoder-only language models for low-resource languages. Our novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Daniil Gurgurov , Michal Gregor , Josef van Genabith , Simon Ostermann

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Transfer learning techniques are particularly useful in NLP tasks where a sizable amount of high-quality annotated data is difficult to obtain. Current approaches directly adapt a pre-trained language model (LM) on in-domain text before…

This work investigates the in-context learning abilities of pretrained large language models (LLMs) when instructed to translate text from a low-resource language into a high-resource language as part of an automated machine translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sara Court , Micha Elsner

While multilingual language models like XLM-R have advanced multilingualism in NLP, they still perform poorly in extremely low-resource languages. This situation is exacerbated by the fact that modern LLMs such as LLaMA and Qwen support far…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zeli Su , Ziyin Zhang , Guixian Xu , Jianing Liu , XU Han , Ting Zhang , Yushuang Dong

Multilingual pre-trained language models have demonstrated impressive (zero-shot) cross-lingual transfer abilities, however, their performance is hindered when the target language has distant typology from source languages or when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Jiali Zeng , Yufan Jiang , Yongjing Yin , Yi Jing , Fandong Meng , Binghuai Lin , Yunbo Cao , Jie Zhou

Low-resource machine translation remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs), which often lack exposure to these languages during pretraining and have limited parallel data for fine-tuning. We propose a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Manuel Mosquera , Melissa Robles , Johan Rodriguez , Ruben Manrique

Data augmentation has the potential to improve the performance of machine learning models by increasing the amount of training data available. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of different data augmentation techniques for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Aashish Arora , Elsbeth Turcan

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are great translators, but this is largely limited to high-resource languages. For many LLMs, translating in and out of low-resource languages remains a challenging task. To maximize data efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zheng Wei Lim , Nitish Gupta , Honglin Yu , Trevor Cohn

Extreme multi-label text classification (XMC) seeks to find relevant labels from an extreme large label collection for a given text input. Many real-world applications can be formulated as XMC problems, such as recommendation systems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jiong Zhang , Wei-cheng Chang , Hsiang-fu Yu , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Labor market analysis relies on extracting insights from job advertisements, which provide valuable yet unstructured information on job titles and corresponding skill requirements. While state-of-the-art methods for skill extraction achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Transformer-based models achieve state-of-the-art dependency parsing for high-resource languages, yet their advantage over simpler architectures in low-resource settings remains poorly understood. We evaluate four parsers -- the Biaffine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Kevin Guan , Happy Buzaaba , Christiane Fellbaum

Selecting high-quality data for pre-training is crucial in shaping the downstream task performance of language models. A major challenge lies in identifying this optimal subset, a problem generally considered intractable, thus necessitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 David Brandfonbrener , Hanlin Zhang , Andreas Kirsch , Jonathan Richard Schwarz , Sham Kakade

Contextual representation models have achieved great success in improving various downstream tasks. However, these language-model-based encoders are difficult to train due to the large parameter sizes and high computational complexity. By…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Liunian Harold Li , Patrick H. Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang

Low sample efficiency is an enduring challenge of reinforcement learning (RL). With the advent of versatile large language models (LLMs), recent works impart common-sense knowledge to accelerate policy learning for RL processes. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Fuxiang Zhang , Junyou Li , Yi-Chen Li , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu , Deheng Ye

We explore the benefits that multitask learning offer to speech processing as we train models on dual objectives with automatic speech recognition and intent classification or sentiment classification. Our models, although being of modest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Quentin Meeus , Marie-Francine Moens , Hugo Van hamme
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