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Traditional neural networks have an impressive classification performance, but what they learn cannot be inspected, verified or extracted. Neural Logic Networks on the other hand have an interpretable structure that enables them to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Vincent Perreault , Katsumi Inoue , Richard Labib , Alain Hertz

We propose a novel symbolic modeling framework for decision-making under risk that merges interpretability with the core insights of Prospect Theory. Our approach replaces opaque utility curves and probability weighting functions with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ali Arslan Yousaf , Umair Rehman , Muhammad Umair Danish

Reinforcement learning techniques achieved human-level performance in several tasks in the last decade. However, in recent years, the need for interpretability emerged: we want to be able to understand how a system works and the reasons…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Leonardo Lucio Custode , Giovanni Iacca

Small additive ensembles of symbolic rules offer interpretable prediction models. Traditionally, these ensembles use rule conditions based on conjunctions of simple threshold propositions $x \geq t$ on a single input variable $x$ and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Shahrzad Behzadimanesh , Pierre Le Bodic , Geoffrey I. Webb , Mario Boley

Propositional linear time temporal logic (LTL) is the standard temporal logic for computing applications and many reasoning techniques and tools have been developed for it. Tableaux for deciding satisfiability have existed since the 1980s.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-15 Mark Reynolds

Decision trees (DTs) epitomize what have become to be known as interpretable machine learning (ML) models. This is informally motivated by paths in DTs being often much smaller than the total number of features. This paper shows that in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Yacine Izza , Alexey Ignatiev , Joao Marques-Silva

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

The field of Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) is concerned with learning probabilistic models from relational data. Learned SRL models are typically represented using some kind of weighted logical formulas, which make them considerably…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Ondrej Kuzelka , Jesse Davis , Steven Schockaert

Deep learning architectures based on convolutional neural networks tend to rely on continuous, smooth features. While this characteristics provides significant robustness and proves useful in many real-world tasks, it is strikingly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zuzanna Buchnajzer , Kacper Dobek , Stanisław Hapke , Daniel Jankowski , Krzysztof Krawiec

Multimodal models have been proven to outperform text-based approaches on learning semantic representations. However, it still remains unclear what properties are encoded in multimodal representations, in what aspects do they outperform the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Shaonan Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Nan Lin , Chengqing Zong

Spatial understanding is a fundamental problem with wide-reaching real-world applications. The representation of spatial knowledge is often modeled with spatial templates, i.e., regions of acceptability of two objects under an explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Guillem Collell , Luc Van Gool , Marie-Francine Moens

This study extends previous research on spatial representations in multimodal AI systems. Although current models demonstrate a rich understanding of spatial information from images, this information is rooted in propositional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Bridget Leonard , Kristin Woodard , Scott O. Murray

People exploit the predictability of lexical structures during text comprehension. Though predictable structure is also present in speech, the degree to which prosody, e.g. intonation, tempo, and loudness, contributes to such structure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sarenne Wallbridge , Christoph Minixhofer , Catherine Lai , Peter Bell

Symbolic Regression tries to find a mathematical expression that describes the relationship of a set of explanatory variables to a measured variable. The main objective is to find a model that minimizes the error and, optionally, that also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fabricio Olivetti de Franca

The goal of neuro-symbolic AI is to integrate symbolic and subsymbolic AI approaches, to overcome the limitations of either. Prominent systems include Logic Tensor Networks (LTN) or DeepProbLog, which offer neural predicates and end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Stephen Roth , Lennart Baur , Derian Boer , Stefan Kramer

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen significant success across various domains, but its adoption is often limited by the black-box nature of neural network policies, making them difficult to interpret. In contrast, symbolic policies allow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Sascha Marton , Tim Grams , Florian Vogt , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Spatial-temporal data modeling aims to mine the underlying spatial relationships and temporal dependencies of objects in a system. However, most existing methods focus on the modeling of spatial-temporal data in a single mode, lacking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zihang Liu , Le Yu , Tongyu Zhu , Leiei Sun

Probabilistic sentential decision diagrams are a class of structured-decomposable probabilistic circuits especially designed to embed logical constraints. To adapt the classical LearnSPN scheme to learn the structure of these models, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Alessandro Antonucci , Alessandro Facchini , Lilith Mattei

When comparing inductive logic programming (ILP) and attribute-value learning techniques, there is a trade-off between expressive power and efficiency. Inductive logic programming techniques are typically more expressive but also less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hendrik Blockeel , Luc De Raedt , Nico Jacobs , Bart Demoen

Semi-supervised action recognition aims to improve spatio-temporal reasoning ability with a few labeled data in conjunction with a large amount of unlabeled data. Albeit recent advancements, existing powerful methods are still prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Yu Wang , Sanping Zhou , Kun Xia , Le Wang