English
Related papers

Related papers: Reinforcement Learning on Encrypted Data

200 papers

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning paradigm where an autonomous agent learns to make an optimal sequence of decisions by interacting with the underlying environment. The promise demonstrated by RL-guided workflows in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Satwik Patnaik , Vasudev Gohil , Hao Guo , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran

Cyber and cyber-physical systems equipped with machine learning algorithms such as autonomous cars share environments with humans. In such a setting, it is important to align system (or agent) behaviors with the preferences of one or more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Arezoo Rajabi , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Abdullah Al Maruf , Radha Poovendran

We study the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning (multi-agent RL) with differential privacy (DP) constraints. This is well-motivated by various real-world applications involving sensitive data, where it is critical to protect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Dan Qiao , Yu-Xiang Wang

Deep reinforcement learning suffers from catastrophic forgetting and sample inefficiency making it less applicable to the ever-changing real world. However, the ability to use previously learned knowledge is essential for AI agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Ekaterina Nikonova , Cheng Xue , Jochen Renz

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

We design a simple reinforcement learning (RL) agent that implements an optimistic version of $Q$-learning and establish through regret analysis that this agent can operate with some level of competence in any environment. While we leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Shi Dong , Benjamin Van Roy , Zhengyuan Zhou

In deep reinforcement learning, building policies of high-quality is challenging when the feature space of states is small and the training data is limited. Despite the success of previous transfer learning approaches in deep reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Wenfeng Feng , Yufeng Lin , Qian Xu , Qiang Yang

Successful applications of reinforcement learning in real-world problems often require dealing with partially observable states. It is in general very challenging to construct and infer hidden states as they often depend on the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Xiaodong He , Jianshu Chen , Li Deng , Ji He

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are increasingly used to simulate sophisticated cyberattacks, but their decision-making processes remain opaque, hindering trust, debugging, and defensive preparedness. In high-stakes cybersecurity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Diksha Goel , Kristen Moore , Jeff Wang , Minjune Kim , Thanh Thi Nguyen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a learning paradigm concerned with learning to control a system so as to maximize an objective over the long term. This approach to learning has received immense interest in recent times and success manifests…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Sanyam Kapoor

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) provides a promising way for learning navigation in complex autonomous driving scenarios. However, identifying the subtle cues that can indicate drastically different outcomes remains an open problem with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Xiaobai Ma , Jiachen Li , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , David Isele , Kikuo Fujimura

Recent studies have demonstrated that reinforcement learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial manipulation, similar to vulnerabilities previously demonstrated in the supervised learning setting. While most existing work studies…

In this paper, we present an approach based on reinforcement learning for eye tracking data manipulation. It is based on two opposing agents, where one tries to classify the data correctly and the second agent looks for patterns in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Wolfgang Fuhl , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Adversarial attacks and robustness in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been widely studied in various threat models; however, few consider environmental state perturbations, which are natural in embodied scenarios. To improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chenxu Wang , Huaping Liu

Positioned between pre-training and user deployment, aligning large language models (LLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a prevailing strategy for training instruction following-models such as ChatGPT. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Fan Wu , Huseyin A. Inan , Arturs Backurs , Varun Chandrasekaran , Janardhan Kulkarni , Robert Sim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success across diverse domains, enabling autonomous systems to learn and adapt to dynamic environments by optimizing a reward function. However, this reliance on reward signals creates a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Bokang Zhang , Chaojun Lu , Jianhui Li , Junfeng Wu

Reinforcement learning algorithms are widely used in domains where it is desirable to provide a personalized service. In these domains it is common that user data contains sensitive information that needs to be protected from third parties.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Evrard Garcelon , Vianney Perchet , Ciara Pike-Burke , Matteo Pirotta

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be used to provide personalized services, which rely on users' private and sensitive data. To protect the users' privacy, privacy-preserving RL algorithms are in demand. In this paper, we study RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Chonghua Liao , Jiafan He , Quanquan Gu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is not yet competitive for many cyber-physical systems, such as robotics, process automation, and power systems, as training on a system with physical components cannot be accelerated, and simulation models do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Philipp Gassert , Matthias Althoff