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Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) has become a widely-used dimension reduction tool for functional data analysis. When additional covariates are available, existing FPCA models integrate them either in the mean function or in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-13 Ci-Ren Jiang , Eardi Lila , John AD Aston , Jane-Ling Wang

We consider the problem of sparse estimation in a factor analysis model. A traditional estimation procedure in use is the following two-step approach: the model is estimated by maximum likelihood method and then a rotation technique is…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-03-18 Kei Hirose , Michio Yamamoto

Many data-driven approaches exist to extract neural representations of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, but most of them lack a proper probabilistic formulation. We propose a group level scalable probabilistic sparse…

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise, Sigma = (sigma^2)*I. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-06-23 Alfredo A. Kalaitzis , Neil D. Lawrence

Probabilistic Component Latent Analysis (PLCA) is a statistical modeling method for feature extraction from non-negative data. It has been fruitfully applied to various research fields of information retrieval. However, the EM-solved…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-16 D. Cazau , G. Nuel

Analyzing longitudinal data in health studies is challenging due to sparse and error-prone measurements, strong within-individual correlation, missing data and various trajectory shapes. While mixed-effect models (MM) effectively address…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-11 Corentin Ségalas , Catherine Helmer , Robin Genuer , Cécile Proust-Lima

Sparse covariates are frequent in classification and regression problems and in these settings the task of variable selection is usually of interest. As it is well known, sparse statistical models correspond to situations where there are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-14 Ana M. Bianco , Graciela Boente , Gonzalo Chebi

Sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) methods have proven to efficiently analyze high-dimensional data. Among them, threshold-based SPCA (TSPCA) is computationally more cost-effective than regularized SPCA, based on L1 penalties. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-29 Kazuyoshi Yata , Makoto Aoshima

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular tool for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in data analysis. There is a probabilistic version of PCA, known as Probabilistic PCA (PPCA). However, standard PCA and PPCA are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Bowen Zhao , Xi Xiao , Wanpeng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Shutao Xia

In this paper we develop a new approach to sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA). We propose two single-unit and two block optimization formulations of the sparse PCA problem, aimed at extracting a single sparse dominant…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-12-01 Michel Journée , Yurii Nesterov , Peter Richtárik , Rodolphe Sepulchre

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) based on the Karhunen--Lo\`{e}ve decomposition has been successfully applied in many applications, mainly for one sample problems. In this paper we consider common functional principal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-28 Michal Benko , Wolfgang Härdle , Alois Kneip

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is an important technique for dimension reduction in functional data analysis (FDA). Classical FPCA method is based on the Karhunen-Lo\`{e}ve expansion, which assumes a linear structure of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-27 Rou Zhong , Chunming Zhang , Jingxiao Zhang

Various unsupervised greedy selection methods have been proposed as computationally tractable approximations to the NP-hard subset selection problem. These methods rely on sequentially selecting the variables that best improve performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Federico Zocco , Marco Maggipinto , Gian Antonio Susto , Seán McLoone

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) is a fundamental technique for dimensionality reduction, and is NP-hard. In this paper, we introduce a randomized approximation algorithm for SPCA, which is based on the basic SDP relaxation. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou

One of the challenges with functional data is incorporating spatial structure, or local correlation, into the analysis. This structure is inherent in the output from an increasing number of biomedical technologies, and a functional linear…

Applications · Statistics 2011-11-07 Timothy W. Randolph , Jaroslaw Harezlak , Ziding Feng

Ubiquitous linear Gaussian exploratory tools such as principle component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA) remain widely used as tools for: exploratory analysis, pre-processing, data visualization and related tasks. However, due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Adam Farooq , Yordan P. Raykov , Petar Raykov , Max A. Little

In this paper, we study the problem of sparse Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in the high-dimensional setting with missing observations. Our goal is to estimate the first principal component when we only have access to partial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-04 Karim Lounici

Sparse principal component analysis (sPCA) enhances the interpretability of principal components (PCs) by imposing sparsity constraints on loading vectors (LVs). However, when used as a precursor to independent component analysis (ICA) for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Muhammad Usman Khalid

One of the crucial tasks in many inference problems is the extraction of sparse information out of a given number of high-dimensional measurements. In machine learning, this is frequently achieved using, as a penality term, the $L_p$ norm…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2012-02-09 Alejandro Lage-Castellanos , Andrea Pagnani , Martin Weigt

Functional data analysis is concerned with the analysis of infinite-dimensional data functions. Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a key method to obtain finite-dimensional summaries. Consistency of FPCA has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-24 Tim Kutta , Nina Dörnemann , Piotr Kokoszka
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