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The three level photon echo has been described in different works by using rotating wave approximation but none of them did not get results which show the effects of field's frequencies on frequency of ground level of system. In this work,…
We show that any pure, two-mode, $N$-photon state with $N$ odd or equal to two can be transformed into an orthogonal state using only linear optics. According to a recently suggested definition of polarization degree, this implies that all…
Two photons are said to be identical when they are prepared in the same quantum state. Given the latter, there is a unique way to achieve this. Conversely, there are many different manners to prepare two non-identical photons: they may have…
Explaining how microscopic entities collectively produce macroscopic phenomena is a fundamental goal of many-body physics. Theory predicts that large-scale entanglement is responsible for exotic macroscopic phenomena, but observation of…
Single-photon entangled states, i.e. states describing two optical paths sharing a single photon, constitute the simplest form of entanglement. Yet they provide a valuable resource in quantum information science. Specifically, they lie at…
A common type of weak-value experiment prepares a single particle in one state, weakly measures the occupation number of another state, and post-selects on finding the particle in a third state (a 'click'). Most weak-value experiments have…
Locally real states of electromagnetic radiation derived from the underlying quantum mechanical formalism are shown to provide an alternative basis for definite polarized states of the widely accepted probabilistic interpretation. The…
We establish a connection between optimal quantum cloning and optimal state estimation for d-dimensional quantum systems. In this way we derive an upper limit on the fidelity of state estimation for d-dimensional pure quantum states and,…
We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general unitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results, the machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the states secretly…
A two-level atom cannot emit more than one photon at a time. As early as the 1980s, this quantum feature was identified as a gateway to "single-photon sources", where a regular excitation sequence would create a stream of light particles…
Entanglement of three photons from the decay of ortho-positronium is re-analyzed. We use the full three body phase space to write down the entangled states classified according to the spin directions of the ortho-positronium. Even in the…
We consider limits of equilibrium distributions as temperature approaches zero, for systems of infinitely many particles, and characterize the support of the limiting distributions. Such results are known for particles with positions on a…
We present a novel, easy-to-use method based on the photon-mapping technique to simulate photometric images of moving targets. Realistic images can be created in two passes: photon tracing and image rendering. The nature of light sources,…
There are reasons (which we enumerate) to think that an infinite extra dimension will harbor a black hole. In this case, brane-localized modes of gravity and gauge fields become quasilocalized, and light from a distant object can become…
Observation of the purely quantum mechanical effects of quasi-classical states is of utmost importance since these states are realistic sources of radiation and do not have any shortage in photon numbers. Therefore, they do not face the…
We describe an experiment in which a physical qubit represented by the polarization state of a single-photon was probabilistically encoded in the logical state of two photons. The experiment relied on linear optics, post-selection, and…
Photon-number correlation measurements are performed on bright squeezed vacuum states using a standard Bell-test setup, and quantum correlations are observed for conjugate polarization-frequency modes. We further test the entanglement…
Retrieving the vast amount of information carried by a photon is an enduring challenge in quantum metrology science and quantum photonics research. The transverse spatial state of a photon is a convenient high-dimensional quantum system for…
Particle loss is the ultimate challenge for preparation of strongly correlated many-body states of photons. An established way to overcome the loss is to employ a stabilization setup that autonomously injects new photons in place of the…
Position holds a very special role in understanding the classical behaviour of macroscopic bodies on the basis of quantum principles. This lead us to examine the localised states of a large condensed object in the context of a realistic…