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Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm to train model with distributed data from numerous Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It inherently assumes a uniform capacity among participants. However, due to different conditions such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hao Zhang , Tingting Wu , Siyao Cheng , Jie Liu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

Federated learning is a decentralized machine learning framework that enables collaborative model training without revealing raw data. Due to the diverse hardware and software limitations, a client may not always be available for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Lili Su , Ming Xiang , Jiaming Xu , Pengkun Yang

Federated Averaging (FedAvg) remains the most popular algorithm for Federated Learning (FL) optimization due to its simple implementation, stateless nature, and privacy guarantees combined with secure aggregation. Recent work has sought to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Divyansh Jhunjhunwala , Shiqiang Wang , Gauri Joshi

Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized model training without centralizing raw data. However, practical FL deployments often face a key realistic challenge: Clients participate intermittently in server aggregation and with unknown,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Herlock , Rahimi , Dionysis Kalogerias

To improve business efficiency and minimize costs, Artificial Intelligence (AI) practitioners have adopted a shift from formulating models from scratch towards sharing pretrained models. The pretrained models are then aggregated into a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Anthony Kiggundu , Dennis Krummacker , Hans D. Schotten

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed model training on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, clients tend to have non-Independent and Identically Distributed (non-IID) data, which often leads to client-drift, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Fotios Zantalis , Evangelos Zervas , Grigorios Koulouras

In Federated Learning (FL), the clients learn a single global model (FedAvg) through a central aggregator. In this setting, the non-IID distribution of the data across clients restricts the global FL model from delivering good performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Siddharth Divi , Yi-Shan Lin , Habiba Farrukh , Z. Berkay Celik

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaborative method for training models while preserving data privacy in decentralized settings. However, FL encounters challenges related to data heterogeneity, which can result in performance degradation. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Seongyoon Kim , Gihun Lee , Jaehoon Oh , Se-Young Yun

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that permits a large number of clients with heterogeneous data to coordinate learning of a unified global model without the need to share data amongst each other. A major challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Irene Tenison , Sai Aravind Sreeramadas , Vaikkunth Mugunthan , Edouard Oyallon , Irina Rish , Eugene Belilovsky

Federated Learning is a distributed learning paradigm with two key challenges that differentiate it from traditional distributed optimization: (1) significant variability in terms of the systems characteristics on each device in the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Tian Li , Anit Kumar Sahu , Manzil Zaheer , Maziar Sanjabi , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

Federated learning is highly valued due to its high-performance computing in distributed environments while safeguarding data privacy. To address resource heterogeneity, researchers have proposed a semi-asynchronous federated learning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yunbo Li , Jiaping Gui , Yue Wu

With the increasingly strengthened data privacy act and the difficult data centralization, Federated Learning (FL) has become an effective solution to collaboratively train the model while preserving each client's privacy. FedAvg is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Zhifang Deng , Xiaohong Huang , Dandan Li , Xueguang Yuan

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed training paradigm that aims to learn a common global model without exchanging or transferring the data that are stored locally at different clients. The Federated Averaging (FedAvg)-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiaolu Wang , Zijian Li , Shi Jin , Jun Zhang

Federated learning describes the distributed training of models across multiple clients while keeping the data private on-device. In this work, we view the server-orchestrated federated learning process as a hierarchical latent variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Christos Louizos , Matthias Reisser , Joseph Soriaga , Max Welling

Although Federated Learning (FL) enables global model training across clients without compromising their raw data, due to the unevenly distributed data among clients, existing Federated Averaging (FedAvg)-based methods suffer from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Ming Hu , Zhihao Yue , Xiaofei Xie , Cheng Chen , Yihao Huang , Xian Wei , Xiang Lian , Yang Liu , Mingsong Chen

The performance of Federated Learning (FL) hinges on the effectiveness of utilizing knowledge from distributed datasets. Traditional FL methods adopt an aggregate-then-adapt framework, where clients update local models based on a global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yuan Wang , Huazhu Fu , Renuga Kanagavelu , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving each participant's privacy, which is particularly beneficial to the medical field. FedAvg is a standard algorithm that uses fixed weights, often originating from…

In traffic prediction, the goal is to estimate traffic speed or flow in specific regions or road segments using historical data collected by devices deployed in each area. Each region or road segment can be viewed as an individual client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Audri Banik , Glaucio Haroldo Silva de Carvalho , Renata Dividino

Recently, the ever-growing demand for privacy-oriented machine learning has motivated researchers to develop federated and decentralized learning techniques, allowing individual clients to train models collaboratively without disclosing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 David Roschewitz , Mary-Anne Hartley , Luca Corinzia , Martin Jaggi