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Data augmentation has been actively studied for robust neural networks. Most of the recent data augmentation methods focus on augmenting datasets during the training phase. At the testing phase, simple transformations are still widely used…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Ildoo Kim , Younghoon Kim , Sungwoong Kim

The growing number of pretrained models in Machine Learning (ML) presents significant challenges for practitioners. Given a new dataset, they need to determine the most suitable deep learning (DL) pipeline, consisting of the pretrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Fabio Ferreira

Despite their wide adoption in various domains (e.g., healthcare, finance, software engineering), Deep Learning (DL)-based applications suffer from many bugs, failures, and vulnerabilities. Reproducing these bugs is essential for their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Mehil B Shah , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Foutse Khomh

This paper presents an extended version of Deeper, a search-based simulation-integrated test solution that generates failure-revealing test scenarios for testing a deep neural network-based lane-keeping system. In the newly proposed…

Deep neural network (DNN) mutation analysis is a promising approach to evaluating test set adequacy. Due to the large number of generated mutants that must be tested on large datasets, mutation analysis is costly. In this paper, we present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ali Ghanbari , Sasan Tavakkol

Nowadays, we are more and more reliant on Deep Learning (DL) models and thus it is essential to safeguard the security of these systems. This paper explores the security issues in Deep Learning and analyses, through the use of experiments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Marco Marchetti , Edmond S. L. Ho

Deep Learning (DL) compilers have been widely utilized to optimize DL models for efficient deployment across various hardware. Due to their vital role in the DL ecosystem, ensuring their reliability and security is critical. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Qingchao Shen , Zan Wang , Haoyang Ma , Yongqiang Tian , Lili Huang , Zibo Xiao , Junjie Chen , Shing-Chi Cheung

Training and fine-tuning deep learning models, especially large language models (LLMs), on limited and imbalanced datasets poses substantial challenges. These issues often result in poor generalization, where models overfit to dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Ashok Choudhary , Cornelius Thiels , Hojjat Salehinejad

Reliability is a critical consideration to DL-based systems. But the statistical nature of DL makes it quite vulnerable to invalid inputs, i.e., those cases that are not considered in the training phase of a DL model. This paper proposes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Haochuan Lu , Huanlin Xu , Nana Liu , Yangfan Zhou , Xin Wang

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) enhances the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) by allocating additional computation during inference. However, existing approaches primarily rely on output-level sampling while overlooking the role of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yixuan Han , Fan Ma , Ruijie Quan , Yi Yang

Data augmentation plays a pivotal role in enhancing and diversifying training data. Nonetheless, consistently improving model performance in varied learning scenarios, especially those with inherent data biases, remains challenging. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Zhemg Lee , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advancements, but the increasing complexity of tasks and higher performance demands highlight the need for continuous improvement. Some approaches utilize synthetic data generated by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Haokun Zhao , Jinyi Han , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Xiaojun Meng , Jiansheng Wei

As deep learning models are widely used in software systems, test generation plays a crucial role in assessing the quality of such models before deployment. To date, the most advanced test generators rely on generative AI to synthesize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xingcheng Chen , Oliver Weissl , Andrea Stocco

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly adopted to train agents that can deal with complex sequential tasks, such as driving an autonomous vehicle or controlling a humanoid robot. Correspondingly, novel approaches are needed to ensure…

With the wide use of Deep Learning (DL) systems, academy and industry begin to pay attention to their quality. Testing is one of the major methods of quality assurance. However, existing testing techniques focus on the quality of DL models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Weisi Luo , Dong Chai , Xiaoyue Run , Jiang Wang , Chunrong Fang , Zhenyu Chen

Vulnerability detection is crucial for identifying security weaknesses in software systems. However, training effective machine learning models for this task is often constrained by the high cost and expertise required for data annotation.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xiang Lan , Tim Menzies , Bowen Xu

In mutation testing, the quality of a test suite is evaluated by introducing faults into a program and determining whether the program's tests detect them. Most existing approaches for mutation testing involve the application of a fixed set…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frank Tip , Jonathan Bell , Max Schaefer

To enhance reasoning capabilities, previous works have explored incorporating special-purpose tokens into the training process. These strategies strengthen the learning mechanism of transformer-based large language models (LLMs). Building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Eunki Kim , Sangryul Kim , James Thorne

Our work explores the utilization of deep learning, specifically leveraging the CodeBERT model, to enhance code security testing for Python applications by detecting SQL injection vulnerabilities. Unlike traditional security testing methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Guan-Yan Yang , Yi-Heng Ko , Farn Wang , Kuo-Hui Yeh , Haw-Shiang Chang , Hsueh-Yi Chen

Rapid adoptions of Deep Learning (DL) in a broad range of fields led to the development of specialised testing techniques for DL systems, including DL mutation testing. However, existing post-training DL mutation techniques often generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Jinhan Kim , Nargiz Humbatova , Gunel Jahangirova , Shin Yoo , Paolo Tonella