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State-of-the-art pretrained language models tend to perform below their capabilities when applied out-of-the-box on tasks that require understanding and working with numbers. Recent work suggests two main reasons for this: (1) popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Dominic Petrak , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Iryna Gurevych

Predictive modeling on tabular data is the cornerstone of many real-world applications. Although gradient boosting machines and some recent deep models achieve strong performance on tabular data, they often lack interpretability. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Tommy Xu , Zhitian Zhang , Xiangyu Sun , Lauren Kelly Zung , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Greg Mori

The cognitive and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing. However, their performance in interpreting structured data, especially in tabular formats, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Rana Alshaikh , Israa Alghanmi , Shelan Jeawak

Creating challenging tabular inference data is essential for learning complex reasoning. Prior work has mostly relied on two data generation strategies. The first is human annotation, which yields linguistically diverse data but is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Aashna Jena , Vivek Gupta , Manish Shrivastava , Julian Martin Eisenschlos

Existing datasets for multimodal table understanding, such as MMTab, primarily provide short factual answers without explicit multi-step reasoning supervision. Models trained on these datasets often generate brief responses that offers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Van-Quang Nguyen , Takayuki Okatani

Spreadsheets provide a flexible and easy to use software development environment, but that leads to error proneness. Work has been done to prevent errors in spreadsheets, including using models to specify distinct parts of a spreadsheet as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Jorge Mendes , João Saraiva

Table reasoning tasks have shown remarkable progress with the development of large language models (LLMs), which involve interpreting and drawing conclusions from tabular data based on natural language (NL) questions. Existing solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yuan Sui , Jiaru Zou , Mengyu Zhou , Xinyi He , Lun Du , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Tables convey factual and quantitative data with implicit conventions created by humans that are often challenging for machines to parse. Prior work on table recognition (TR) has mainly centered around complex task-specific combinations of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 ShengYun Peng , Aishwarya Chakravarthy , Seongmin Lee , Xiaojing Wang , Rajarajeswari Balasubramaniyan , Duen Horng Chau

We introduce SmartTable, an online spreadsheet application that is equipped with intelligent assistance capabilities. With a focus on relational tables, describing entities along with their attributes, we offer assistance in two flavors:…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Shuo Zhang , Vugar Abdul Zada , Krisztian Balog

Numbers are crucial for various real-world domains such as finance, economics, and science. Thus, understanding and reasoning with numbers are essential skills for language models to solve different tasks. While different numerical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Mubashara Akhtar , Abhilash Shankarampeta , Vivek Gupta , Arpit Patil , Oana Cocarascu , Elena Simperl

Tables are an extremely powerful visual and interactive tool for structuring and manipulating data, making spreadsheet programs one of the most popular computer applications. In this paper we introduce and address the task of recommending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Shuo Zhang , Krisztian Balog

Tabular data (or tables) are the most widely used data format in machine learning (ML). However, ML models often assume the table structure keeps fixed in training and testing. Before ML modeling, heavy data cleaning is required to merge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun

Charts are very popular for analyzing data, visualizing key insights and answering complex reasoning questions about data. To facilitate chart-based data analysis using natural language, several downstream tasks have been introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Ahmed Masry , Parsa Kavehzadeh , Xuan Long Do , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty

We present GraPPa, an effective pre-training approach for table semantic parsing that learns a compositional inductive bias in the joint representations of textual and tabular data. We construct synthetic question-SQL pairs over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Tao Yu , Chien-Sheng Wu , Xi Victoria Lin , Bailin Wang , Yi Chern Tan , Xinyi Yang , Dragomir Radev , Richard Socher , Caiming Xiong

Writing formulas on spreadsheets, such as Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets, is a widespread practice among users performing data analysis. However, crafting formulas on spreadsheets remains a tedious and error-prone task for many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Wei Zhao , Zhitao Hou , Siyuan Wu , Yan Gao , Haoyu Dong , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Haidong Zhang

Pretrained deep-learning models are the go-to solution for images or text. However, for tabular data the standard is still to train tree-based models. Indeed, transfer learning on tables hits the challenge of data integration: finding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Myung Jun Kim , Léo Grinsztajn , Gaël Varoquaux

Recent methods based on pre-trained language models have exhibited superior performance over tabular tasks (e.g., tabular NLI), despite showing inherent problems such as not using the right evidence and inconsistent predictions across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Abhilash Reddy Shankarampeta , Vivek Gupta , Shuo Zhang

Structured tabular data is a fundamental data type in numerous fields, and the capacity to reason over tables is crucial for answering questions and validating hypotheses. However, constructing labeled data for complex reasoning tasks is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Zhenyu Li , Xiuxing Li , Sunqi Fan , Jianyong Wang

The usage of mathematical formulas as concise representations of a document's key ideas is common practice. Correctly interpreting these formulas, by identifying mathematical symbols and extracting their descriptions, is an important task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Karol Lynch , Joern Ploennigs , Bradley Eck

Foundational models (FMs), pretrained on extensive datasets using self-supervised techniques, are capable of learning generalized patterns from large amounts of data. This reduces the need for extensive labeled datasets for each new task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Quan M. Tran , Suong N. Hoang , Lam M. Nguyen , Dzung Phan , Hoang Thanh Lam