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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises to revolutionize the field of security in communication, with applications ranging from state secrets to personal data, making it a key player in the ongoing battle against cyber threats.…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) has emerged as a potential protocol for long distance secure communication, overcoming the rate-distance limitations of conventional quantum key distribution without requiring trusted repeaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Syed M. Arslan , Syed Shahmir , Noureldin Mohammad , Saif Al-Kuwari , Muataz Alhussein

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols based on high-dimensional quantum states have shown the route to increase the key rate generation while benefiting of enhanced error tolerance, thus overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional QKD…

Due to the capability of tolerating high error rate and generating more key bits per trial, high-dimensional quantum key distribution attracts wide interest. Despite great progresses in high-dimensional quantum key distribution, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Rong Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

The discrepancy between theory and experiment severely limits the development of quantum key distribution (QKD). Reference-frame-independent (RFI) protocol has been proposed to avoid alignment of the reference frame. However, multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-06 Zhenhua Li , Tianqi Dou , Jipeng Wang , Zhongqi Sun , Fen Zhou , Yanxin Han , Yuqing Huang , Hongwei Liu , Haiqiang Ma

The coherent one-way (COW) quantum key distribution (QKD) is a highly practical quantum communication protocol that is currently deployed in off-the-shelves products. However, despite its simplicity and widespread use, the security of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Emilien Lavie , Charles C. -W. Lim

Quantum protocols require classical signaling, and when classical signals propagate faster than quantum ones, standard rate-loss limits can be surpassed. We introduce an all-photonic measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic technique that uses quantum mechanical principles to enable secure key exchange. Practical deployment of QKD requires robust, cost-effective systems that can operate in challenging field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Rui Guan , Jingchun Yu , Zhaoyun Li , Hongbo Xie , Yuxing Wei , Sen Li , Jing Wen , Xiaodong Liang , Yanwei Li , Kejin Wei

Quantum key distribution(QKD) is an important area in quantum information theory. Nowadays, there are many protocols such as BB84 protocol, Lo-Chau's protocol and GR10 protocol. They usually require legitimated parties have the ability to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-06 Hao Shu

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for communication with security guaranteed by quantum theory. The main theoretical problem in QKD is to calculate the secret key rate for a given protocol. Analytical formulas are known for protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Patrick J. Coles , Eric M. Metodiev , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Improving the secret key rate is one of the vital issues in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we propose an experimental scheme of high-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key…

Optics · Physics 2018-06-06 Wei Li , Shengmei Zhao

In this paper, we study the unconditional security of the so-called measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) with the basis-dependent flaw in the context of phase encoding schemes. We propose two schemes for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Chi-Hang Fred Fung , Bing Qi

Reference-frame-independent measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-MDI-QKD) is a novel protocol which eliminates all possible attacks on detector side and necessity of reference-frame alignment in source sides.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-20 Feng-Yu Lu , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan , Rong Wang , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , De-Yong He

In this Letter, we propose a new approach to process high-dimensional quantum information encoded in a photon frequency domain. In contrast to previous approaches based on nonlinear optical processes, no active control of photon energy is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-16 Chaohan Cui , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Saikat Guha , Linran Fan

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers higher information capacity and stronger resilience to noise compared to its binary counterpart. However, these advantages are often hindered by the difficulty of realizing the required…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-04 Ohad Lib , Kfir Sulimany , Mateus Araújo , Michael Ben-Or , Yaron Bromberg

Near-term quantum communication protocols suffer inevitably from channel noises, whose alleviation has been mostly attempted with resources such as multiparty entanglement or sophisticated experimental techniques. Generation of multiparty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-21 Rajni Bala , Sooryansh Asthana , V. Ravishankar

We study a general quantum key distribution protocol in higher dimension. In this protocol, quantum states in arbitrary $g+1$ ($1\le g\le d$) out of all $d+1$ mutually unbiased bases in a d-dimensional system can be used for the key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-02 Zhao-Xi Xiong , Han-Duo Shi , Yi-Nan Wang , Li Jing , Jin Lei , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan
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