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This work presents an open-source unified benchmarking and evaluation framework for text-to-image generation models, with a particular focus on the impact of metadata augmented prompts. Leveraging the DeepFashion-MultiModal dataset, we…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Kapil Wanaskar , Gaytri Jena , Magdalini Eirinaki

Generative AI has enabled novice designers to quickly create professional-looking visual representations for product concepts. However, novices have limited domain knowledge that could constrain their ability to write prompts that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Sirui Tao , Ivan Liang , Cindy Peng , Zhiqing Wang , Srishti Palani , Steven P. Dow

The strength of modern generative models lies in their ability to be controlled through text-based prompts. Typical "hard" prompts are made from interpretable words and tokens, and must be hand-crafted by humans. There are also "soft"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yuxin Wen , Neel Jain , John Kirchenbauer , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Following the initial excitement, Text-to-Image (TTI) models are now being examined more critically. While much of the discourse has focused on biases and stereotypes embedded in large-scale training datasets, the sociotechnical dynamics of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Maria-Teresa De Rosa Palmini , Eva Cetinic

The quality of the prompts provided to text-to-image diffusion models determines how faithful the generated content is to the user's intent, often requiring `prompt engineering'. To harness visual concepts from target images without prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shweta Mahajan , Tanzila Rahman , Kwang Moo Yi , Leonid Sigal

Text-to-image generation has recently seen remarkable success, granting users with the ability to create high-quality images through the use of text. However, contemporary methods face challenges in capturing the precise semantics conveyed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shay Shomer-Chai , Wenxuan Peng , Bharath Hariharan , Hadar Averbuch-Elor

Recent text-driven image editing in diffusion models has shown remarkable success. However, the existing methods assume that the user's description sufficiently grounds the contexts in the source image, such as objects, background, style,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sunwoo Kim , Wooseok Jang , Hyunsu Kim , Junho Kim , Yunjey Choi , Seungryong Kim , Gayeong Lee

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen

Creating meaningful visual narratives through human-AI collaboration requires understanding how text-image intertextuality emerges when textual intentions meet AI-generated visuals. We conducted a three-phase qualitative study with 15…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Mengyao Guo , Kexin Nie , Ze Gao , Black Sun , Xueyang Wang , Jinda Han , Xingting Wu

Prompt engineering is still the primary way for users of generative text-to-image models to manipulate generated images in a targeted way. Based on treating the model as a continuous function and by passing gradients between the image space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Niklas Deckers , Julia Peters , Martin Potthast

Prompt engineering is a technique that involves augmenting a large pre-trained model with task-specific hints, known as prompts, to adapt the model to new tasks. Prompts can be created manually as natural language instructions or generated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Jindong Gu , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Ahmad Beirami , Bailan He , Gengyuan Zhang , Ruotong Liao , Yao Qin , Volker Tresp , Philip Torr

The emergence of generative AI (GenAI) models, including large language models and text-to-image models, has significantly advanced the synergy between humans and AI with not only their outstanding capability but more importantly, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Leixian Shen , Haotian Li , Yifang Wang , Xing Xie , Huamin Qu

Recent technological advances popularized the use of image generation among the general public. Crafting effective prompts can, however, be difficult for novice users. To tackle this challenge, we developed PromptMap, a new interaction…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Krzysztof Adamkiewicz , Paweł W. Woźniak , Julia Dominiak , Andrzej Romanowski , Jakob Karolus , Stanislav Frolov

Current text-to-image (T2I) benchmarks evaluate models on rigid prompts, potentially underestimating true generative capabilities due to prompt sensitivity and creating biases that favor certain models while disadvantaging others. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haosheng Gan , Berk Tinaz , Mohammad Shahab Sepehri , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Text-to-image generation models that generate images based on prompt descriptions have attracted an increasing amount of attention during the past few months. Despite their encouraging performance, these models raise concerns about the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Zeyang Sha , Zheng Li , Ning Yu , Yang Zhang

Text-to-image (T2I) research has grown explosively in the past year, owing to the large-scale pre-trained diffusion models and many emerging personalization and editing approaches. Yet, one pain point persists: the text prompt engineering,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Xingqian Xu , Jiayi Guo , Zhangyang Wang , Gao Huang , Irfan Essa , Humphrey Shi

Recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation underscores the importance of reliable benchmarks in evaluating how accurately generated images reflect the semantics of their textual prompt. However, (1) existing benchmarks lack the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yibin Wang , Zhimin Li , Yuhang Zang , Jiazi Bu , Yujie Zhou , Yi Xin , Junjun He , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Cheng Jin , Jiaqi Wang

Recent advances in text-to-image generative models have raised concerns about their potential to produce harmful content when provided with malicious input text prompts. To address this issue, two main approaches have emerged: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jiwoo Shin , Byeonghu Na , Mina Kang , Wonhyeok Choi , Il-Chul Moon

Advances in generative models have led to significant interest in image synthesis, demonstrating the ability to generate high-quality images for a diverse range of text prompts. Despite this progress, most studies ignore the presence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Nila Masrourisaadat , Nazanin Sedaghatkish , Fatemeh Sarshartehrani , Edward A. Fox

Recent years have seen impressive advances in text-to-image generation, with image generative or unified models producing high-quality images from text. Yet these models still struggle with fine-grained color controllability, often failing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Muhammad Atif Butt , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Tao Wu , Javier Vazquez-Corral , Joost Van De Weijer , Kai Wang