Related papers: The converse of Sturm's Separation Theorem

We prove the first inverse theorem for point--sphere incidence bounds over finite fields in dimensions $d \ge 3$, showing that near-extremality forces algebraic rigidity. While sharp upper bounds have been known for over a decade, the…

We present an elementary proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. No ancillary results are used, not even the most basic ones. The proof directly leads to a contradiction of the Fermat equation in the set of integers.

The mechanism underlying the divergence of perturbation theory is exposed. This is done through a detailed study of the violation of the hypothesis of the Dominated Convergence Theorem of Lebesgue using familiar techniques of Quantum Field…

We consider the propagation of smooth solitary waves in a two-dimensional generalization of the Camassa--Holm equation. We show that transverse perturbations to one-dimensional solitary waves behave similarly to the KP-II theory. This…

For integers $m \geq 2$, we study divergent continued fractions whose numerators and denominators in each of the $m$ arithmetic progressions modulo $m$ converge. Special cases give, among other things, an infinite sequence of divergence…

The problem of when the vanishing of a (generalized) Schur complement of a block matrix (corresponding to the leading principal subblock) implies that the other (generalized) Schur complement (corresponding to the trailing principal…

We generalize the classical Olivier's theorem which says that for any convergent series $\sum_n a_n$ with positive nonincreasing real terms the sequence $(n a_n)$ tends to zero. Our results encompass many known generalizations of Olivier's…

We consider a degenerate stochastic differential equation that has a sticky point in the Markov process sense. We prove that weak existence and weak uniqueness hold, but that pathwise uniqueness does not hold nor does a strong solution…

Let $A$ be a transcendental entire function of finite order. We show that if the differential equation $w''+Aw=0$ has two linearly independent solutions with only real zeros, then the order of $A$ must be an odd integer or one half of an…

We prove a functional central limit theorem for partial sums of symmetric stationary long range dependent heavy tailed infinitely divisible processes with a certain type of negative dependence. Previously only positive dependence could be…

An attempt to come closer to a resolution of the Collatz conjecture is presented. The central idea is the formation of a tree consisting of positive odd numbers with number 1 as root. Functions for generating the tree from the root are…

Many results in probability (most famously, Strassen's theorem on stochastic domination), characterize some relationship between probability distributions in terms of the existence of a particular structured coupling between them. Optimal…

Transfinite set theory including the axiom of choice supplies the following basic theorems: (1) Mappings between infinite sets can always be completed, such that at least one of the sets is exhausted. (2) The real numbers can be well…

We give a simple proof of the splitting lemma in singularity theory, also known as generalized Morse lemma, for formal power series over arbitrary fields. Our proof for the uniqueness of the residual part in any characteristic is new and…

In this work we prove the undecidability (and $\Sigma^0_1$-completeness) of several theories of semirings with fixed points. The generality of our results stems from recursion theoretic methods, namely the technique of effective…

In Wilson's Theorem the primality of a number hinges on a congruence. We present a similar test where the primality of a number m hinges, instead, on the indivisibility of 4(m-5)! by m. One implication of this theorem is a necessary and…

In this paper, the discretization of a nonlinear wave equation whose nonlinear term is a power function is introduced. The difference equation derived by discretizing the nonlinear wave equation has solutions which show characteristics…

The problem of a fermion subject to a general mixing of vector and scalar potentials in a two-dimensional world is mapped into a Sturm-Liouville problem. Isolated bounded solutions are also searched. For the specific case of an inversely…

For most purposes, one can replace the use of Rolle's theorem and the mean value theorem, which are not constructively valid, by the law of bounded change. The proof of two basic results in numerical analysis, the error term for Lagrange…

In this paper, we establish a second main theorem for holomorphic curve intersecting hypersurfaces in general position in projective space with level of truncation. As an application, we reduce the number hypersurfaces in uniqueness problem…