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The paper focuses on the interpretability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) evaluation metrics, which received little attention in previous studies. To bridge the gap, we introduce **CLEME2.0**, a reference-based metric describing four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jingheng Ye , Zishan Xu , Yinghui Li , Linlin Song , Qingyu Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Ruitong Liu , Xin Su , Zifei Shan

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is a task dedicated to rectifying texts with minimal edits, which can be decoupled into two components: detection and correction. However, previous works have predominantly focused on direct correction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Wei Li , Houfeng Wang

Decoder-only large language models have shown superior performance in the fluency-edit English Grammatical Error Correction, but their adaptation for minimal-edit English GEC is still underexplored. To improve their effectiveness in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ryszard Staruch , Filip Graliński , Daniel Dzienisiewicz

Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate, yet most existing fact-checking methods treat factuality evaluation as a binary classification problem, offering limited interpretability and failing to capture fine-grained error types. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuzhuo Bai , Shuzheng Si , Kangyang Luo , Qingyi Wang , Wenhao Li , Gang Chen , Fanchao Qi , Maosong Sun

Grammatical error correction (GEC) aims to improve text quality and readability. Previous work on the task focused primarily on high-resource languages, while low-resource languages lack robust tools. To address this shortcoming, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mamadou K. Keita , Adwoa Bremang , Huy Le , Dennis Owusu , Christopher Homan , Marcos Zampieri

Grammar Error Correction(GEC) mainly relies on the availability of high quality of large amount of synthetic parallel data of grammatically correct and erroneous sentence pairs. The quality of the synthetic data is evaluated on how well the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Vanya Bannihatti Kumar

We propose USim, a semantic measure for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) that measures the semantic faithfulness of the output to the source, thereby complementing existing reference-less measures (RLMs) for measuring the output's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

The prevalent use of too few references for evaluating text-to-text generation is known to bias estimates of their quality ({\it low coverage bias} or LCB). This paper shows that overcoming LCB in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) and grammatical acceptability judgment (COLA) are core tasks in natural language processing, sharing foundational grammatical knowledge yet typically evolving independently. This paper introduces COLA-GEC,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xiangyu Yang , Xinying Qiu

Evaluating the performance of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) models has become increasingly challenging, as large language model (LLM)-based GEC systems often produce corrections that diverge from provided gold references. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jinxiang Xie , Yilin Li , Xunjian Yin , Xiaojun Wan

Evaluating the grammatical competence of second language (L2) learners is essential both for providing targeted feedback and for assessing proficiency. To achieve this, we propose a novel framework leveraging the English Grammar Profile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Stefano Bannò , Penny Karanasou , Kate Knill , Mark Gales

Grammatical error correction systems improve written communication by detecting and correcting language mistakes. To help language learners better understand why the GEC system makes a certain correction, the causes of errors (evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuejiao Fei , Leyang Cui , Sen Yang , Wai Lam , Zhenzhong Lan , Shuming Shi

Large-scale pre-trained language models have achieved great success on natural language generation tasks. However, it is difficult to control the pre-trained language models to generate sentences with the desired attribute such as topic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Han Liu , Bingning Wang , Ting Yao , Haijin Liang , Jianjin Xu , Xiaolin Hu

Critiques are important for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling both self-improvement and constructive feedback for others by identifying flaws and suggesting improvements. However, evaluating the critique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zhengyang Tang , Ziniu Li , Zhenyang Xiao , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Benyou Wang , Dayiheng Liu , Fei Huang , Tianyu Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin

The sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) approach has recently been widely used in grammatical error correction (GEC) and shows promising performance. However, the Seq2Seq GEC approach still suffers from two issues. First, a Seq2Seq GEC model can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Houquan Zhou , Yumeng Liu , Zhenghua Li , Min Zhang , Bo Zhang , Chen Li , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of correcting errorful sentences into grammatically correct, semantically consistent, and coherent sentences. Popular GEC models either use large-scale synthetic corpora or use a large number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Hejing Cao , Dongyan Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators for natural language generation, applying human-defined rubrics to assess system outputs. However, human rubrics are often static and misaligned with how models internally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Clemencia Siro , Pourya Aliannejadi , Mohammad Aliannejadi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly evolving, providing accurate feedback and scalable oversight on their outputs becomes an urgent and critical problem. Leveraging LLMs as critique models to achieve automated supervision is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Wenkai Yang , Jingwen Chen , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Despite their unprecedented success, even the largest language models make mistakes. Similar to how humans learn and improve using feedback, previous work proposed providing language models with natural language feedback to guide them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Afra Feyza Akyürek , Ekin Akyürek , Aman Madaan , Ashwin Kalyan , Peter Clark , Derry Wijaya , Niket Tandon

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the realm of mathematical reasoning necessitates comprehensive evaluations to gauge progress and inspire future directions. Existing assessments predominantly focus on problem-solving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Xiaoyuan Li , Wenjie Wang , Moxin Li , Junrong Guo , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng