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With the growth of web applications, REST APIs have become the primary communication method between services. In order to ensure system reliability and security, software quality can be assured by effective testing methods. Black box fuzz…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Chung-Hsuan Tsai , Shi-Chun Tsai , Shih-Kun Huang

The focus of this paper is on automating the security testing of RESTful APIs. The testing stage of this specific kind of components is often performed manually, and this is yet considered as a long and difficult activity. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Sebastien Salva , Jarod Sue

Quality Assurance (QA) is a critical component in product development, particularly in software testing. Despite the evolution of automated methods, testing for REST APIs often involves repetitive tasks. A significant portion of resources…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Yash Mahalwal , Pawel Pratyush , Yogesh Poonia

As modern web services increasingly rely on REST APIs, their thorough testing has become crucial. Furthermore, the advent of REST API documentation languages, such as the OpenAPI Specification, has led to the emergence of many black-box…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Myeongsoo Kim , Tyler Stennett , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

\texttt{rCOSA} is a software package interfaced to the R language. It implements statistical techniques for clustering objects on subsets of attributes in multivariate data. The main output of COSA is a dissimilarity matrix that one can…

Computation · Statistics 2016-12-02 Maarten M. Kampert , Jacqueline J. Meulman , Jerome H. Friedman

Representational State Transfer (REST) APIs are a cornerstone of modern cloud native systems. Ensuring their reliability demands automated test suites that exercise diverse and boundary level behaviors. Nevertheless, designing such test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Jarne Besjes , Robbe Nooyens , Tolgahan Bardakci , Mutlu Beyazit , Serge Demeyer

Modern web services increasingly rely on REST APIs. Effectively testing these APIs is challenging due to the vast search space to be explored, which involves selecting API operations for sequence creation, choosing parameters for each…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Myeongsoo Kim , Saurabh Sinha , Alessandro Orso

Motivation: Genomic data analyses such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) or Hi-C studies are often faced with the problem of partitioning chromosomes into successive regions based on a similarity matrix of high-resolution,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-06 Christophe Ambroise , Alia Dehman , Pierre Neuvial , Guillem Rigaill , Nathalie Vialaneix

Modern AI systems increasingly comprise multiple interconnected neural networks to tackle complex inference tasks. Testing such systems for robustness and safety entails significant challenges. Current state-of-the-art robustness testing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sayak Chowdhury , Meenakshi D'Souza

Testing RESTful API is increasingly important in quality assurance of cloud-native applications. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques have demonstrated that various testing activities can be performed automatically by large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xiaoke Han , Hong Zhu

There is a growing need for Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively use tools and external Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to plan and complete tasks. As such, there is tremendous interest in methods that can acquire…

An agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) framework and algorithm named HOSil based on a new linkage metric optimized by the average silhouette width (ASW) index is proposed. A conscientious investigation of various clustering methods…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-30 Fatima Batool

Modern web test automation frameworks rely heavily on CSS selectors, XPath expressions, and visible text labels to locate UI elements. These locators are inherently brittle -- when web applications update their DOM structure or class names,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Renjith Nelson Joseph

Hierarchical clustering is a stronger extension of one of today's most influential unsupervised learning methods: clustering. The goal of this method is to create a hierarchy of clusters, thus constructing cluster evolutionary history and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-14 MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Marina Knittel

Cloud applications heavily rely on APIs to communicate with each other and exchange data. To ensure the reliability of cloud applications, cloud providers widely adopt API testing techniques. Unfortunately, existing API testing approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia Li , Jiacheng Shen , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

A common way of exposing functionality in contemporary systems is by providing a Web-API based on the REST API architectural guidelines. To describe REST APIs, the industry standard is currently OpenAPI-specifications. Test generation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Stefan Karlsson , Robbert Jongeling , Adnan Causevic , Daniel Sundmark

The aim of this study was to develop a method that would identify the cluster centroids and the optimal number of clusters for a given sensitivity level and could work equally well for the different sequence datasets. A novel method that…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-01 Manal Helal , Fanrong Kong , Sharon C-A Chen , Fei Zhou , Dominic E Dwyer , John Potter , Vitali Sintchenko

Automated testing for REST APIs has become essential for ensuring the correctness and reliability of modern web services. While existing approaches primarily focus on detecting server crashes and error codes, they often overlook logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ke Zhang , Chenxi Zhang , Chong Wang , Chi Zhang , YaChen Wu , Zhenchang Xing , Yang Liu , Qingshan Li , Xin Peng

Existing REST API testing tools are typically evaluated using code coverage and crash-based fault metrics. However, recent LLM-based approaches increasingly generate tests from NL requirements to validate functional behaviour, making…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Leon Kogler , Stefan Hangler , Maximilian Ehrhart , Benedikt Dornauer , Roland Wuersching , Peter Schrammel

Regression testing of software is a crucial but time-consuming task, especially in the context of user interface (UI) testing where multiple microservices must be validated simultaneously. Test case prioritization (TCP) is a cost-efficient…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Hieu Huynh , Nhu Pham , Tien N. Nguyen , Vu Nguyen