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In many tomographic imaging problems the data consist of integrals along lines or curves. Increasingly we encounter "rich tomography" problems where the quantity imaged is higher dimensional than a scalar per voxel, including vectors…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-02-04 William R. B. Lionheart

We present results from a preregistered and crowdsourced user study where we asked members of the general population to determine whether two samples represented using different forms of data visualizations are drawn from the same or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Eric Newburger , Niklas Elmqvist

Despite the widespread use of graphs in empirical research, little is known about readers' ability to process the statistical information they are meant to convey ("visual inference"). We study visual inference within the context of…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-01-31 Christina Korting , Carl Lieberman , Jordan Matsudaira , Zhuan Pei , Yi Shen

Neutron and x-ray scattering experiments traditionally rely upon histogrammed data sets, which are analysed using least-squares curve fitting of multiple probability distribution components to quantify separately the various scientific…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-30 Phillip M. Bentley , Thomas H. Rod

In this article we introduce the network histogram: a statistical summary of network interactions, to be used as a tool for exploratory data analysis. A network histogram is obtained by fitting a stochastic blockmodel to a single…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-10-16 Sofia C. Olhede , Patrick J. Wolfe

The de facto standard of dynamic histogram binning for radiomic feature extraction leads to an elevated sensitivity to fluctuations in annotated regions. This may impact the majority of radiomic studies published recently and contribute to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Darryl E. Wright , Cole Cook , Jason Klug , Panagiotis Korfiatis , Timothy L. Kline

When one deals with data drawn from continuous variables, a histogram is often inadequate to display their probability density. It deals inefficiently with statistical noise, and binsizes are free parameters. In contrast to that, the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-13 Bernd A. Berg , Robert C. Harris

We consider an approach for testing the hypothesis that two realizations of the random variables in the form of histograms are taken from the same statistical population (i.e. two histograms are drawn from the same distribution). The…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-11-26 S. Bityukov , N. Krasnikov , A. Nikitenko , V. Smirnova

We propose a new method of histogram construction, providing a fully Bayesian approach to irregular histograms. Our procedure applies Bayesian model selection to a piecewise constant model of the underlying distribution, resulting in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Oskar Høgberg Simensen , Dennis Christensen , Nils Lid Hjort

We present an identity for an unbiased estimate of a general statistical distribution. The identity computes the distribution density from dividing a histogram sum over a local window by a correction factor from a mean-force integral, and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2012-06-04 Cheng Zhang , Jianpeng Ma

Visualizations support rapid analysis of scientific datasets, allowing viewers to glean aggregate information (e.g., the mean) within split-seconds. While prior research has explored this ability in conventional charts, it is unclear if…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Victor A. Mateevitsi , Michael E. Papka , Khairi Reda

Exponential histograms, with bins of the form $\left\{ \left(\rho^{k-1},\rho^{k}\right]\right\} _{k\in\mathbb{Z}}$, for $\rho>1$, straightforwardly summarize the quantiles of streaming data sets (Masson et al. 2019). While they guarantee…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Philip T. Labo

Photometric redshift uncertainties are a major source of systematic error for ongoing and future photometric surveys. We study different sources of redshift error caused by choosing a suboptimal redshift histogram bin width and propose…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-05-02 Markus Michael Rau , Ben Hoyle , Kerstin Paech , Stella Seitz

Distinguishing between uniform and non-uniform sample distributions is a common problem in directional data analysis; however for many tests, non-uniform distributions exist that fail uniformity rejection. By merging directional statistics…

Applications · Statistics 2011-08-11 Martin Ehler , Jennifer Galanis

Financial companies continuously analyze the state of the markets to rethink and adjust their investment strategies. While the analysis is done on the digital form of data, decisions are often made based on graphical representations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Naftali Cohen , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

We study the problem of histogram estimation under user-level differential privacy, where the goal is to preserve the privacy of all entries of any single user. We consider the heterogeneous scenario where the quantity of data can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Yuhan Liu , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Wennan Zhu , Peter Kairouz , Marco Gruteser

We propose {\it HumanDiffusion,} a diffusion model trained from humans' perceptual gradients to learn an acceptable range of data for humans (i.e., human-acceptable distribution). Conventional HumanGAN aims to model the human-acceptable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Yota Ueda , Shinnosuke Takamichi , Yuki Saito , Norihiro Takamune , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Distance measures are part and parcel of many computer vision algorithms. The underlying assumption in all existing distance measures is that feature elements are independent and identically distributed. However, in real-world settings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Muthukaruppan Swaminathan , Pankaj Kumar Yadav , Obdulio Piloto , Tobias Sjöblom , Ian Cheong

We present a technique for estimating the similarity between objects such as movies or foods whose proper representation depends on human perception. Our technique combines a modest number of human similarity assessments to infer a pairwise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Jesse Anderton , Pavel Metrikov , Virgil Pavlu , Javed Aslam

A range of charts with different strengths and weaknesses exists to support the visual analysis of univariate distributions, with a limited understanding of which charts best support which tasks and users, and how practitioners use charts.…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Laura Lotteraner , Anna Kurtenkova , Torsten Möller , Daniel Pahr