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The AC power flow equations underlie all operational aspects of power systems. They are solved routinely in operational practice using the Newton-Raphson method and its variants. These methods work well given a good initial "guess" for the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Steven Low , Michael Chertkov

Optimal power flow (OPF) is the central optimization problem in electric power grids. Although solved routinely in the course of power grid operations, it is known to be strongly NP-hard in general, and weakly NP-hard over tree networks. In…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Michael Chertkov , Sidhant Misra , Marc Vuffray

High percentage penetrations of renewable energy generations introduce significant uncertainty into power systems. It requires grid operators to solve alternative current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems more frequently for economical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-04 Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Tianyu Zhao , Steven H. Low

Several methods have been proposed in the literature to improve the quality of AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) datasets used in machine learning (ML) models. Yet, scalability to large power systems remains unaddressed and comparing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Matteo Baù , Luca Perbellini , Samuele Grillo

This paper proposes and analyzes a proximal augmented Lagrangian (NL-IAPIAL) method for solving smooth nonconvex composite optimization problems with nonlinear $\cal K$-convex constraints, i.e., the constraints are convex with respect to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-06 Weiwei Kong , Jefferson G. Melo , Renato D. C. Monteiro

The AC power flow equations are fundamental in all aspects of power systems planning and operations. They are routinely solved using Newton-Raphson like methods. However, there is little theoretical understanding of when these algorithms…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-10-09 Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Michael Chertkov , Steven Low

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is an optimization problem critical for planning and operating the power grid. The problem is traditionally formulated using only continuous variables. Typically, control devices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Timothy McNamara , Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

Training learning parameterizations to solve optimal power flow (OPF) with pointwise constraints is proposed. In this novel training approach, a learning parameterization is substituted directly into an OPF problem with constraints required…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Damian Owerko , Anna Scaglione , Alejandro Ribeiro

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem is an alternating current optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem where discrete control devices for regulating the reactive power, such as shunt elements and tap changers, are considered. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-12-30 Christian Bingane , Miguel F. Anjos , Sébastien Le Digabel

DC Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) is widely utilized in power system operations due to its simplicity and computational efficiency. However, its lossless, reactive power-agnostic model often yields dispatches that are infeasible under practical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Michael A. Boateng , Russell Bent , Sidhant Misra , Parikshit Pareek , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Daniel Molzahn

Determining contingency aware dispatch decisions by solving a security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) is challenging for real-world power systems, as the high problem dimensionality often leads to impractical computational…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Richard Weinhold , Robert Mieth

This study further explores reformulating power flow (PF) analysis as a discrete combinatorial optimization problem, proposed in our earlier study using the Adiabatic Quantum Power Flow (AQPF) algorithm, which can be executed on Ising…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Zeynab Kaseb , Matthias Moller , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky

Power flow refers to the injection of power on the lines of an electrical grid, so that all the injections at the nodes form a consistent flow within the network. Optimality, in this setting, is usually intended as the minimization of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-25 Daniel Bienstock , Mauro Escobar , Claudio Gentile , Leo Liberti

This paper presents a parametric quadratic approximation of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem for time-sensitive and market-based applications. The parametric approximation preserves the physics-based but simple representation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , André H. Quisaguano , Antonio J. Conejo , Can Li

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem minimizes power system operating cost subject to both engineering and network constraints. With the potential to find global solutions, significant research interest has focused on convex relaxations of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-02-03 Daniel K. Molzahn , Ian A. Hiskens

The continuous nonlinear resource allocation problem (CONRAP) has broad applications in economics, engineering, production and inventory management, and often serves as a subproblem in complex programming. Without relying on monotonicity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-10 Kaixiang Hu , Caixia Kou , Jianhua Yuan

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

This paper is concerned with optimal power flow (OPF), which is the problem of optimizing the transmission of electricity in power systems. Our main contributions are as follows: (i) we propose a novel parabolic relaxation, which transforms…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-27 Fariba Zohrizadeh , Mohsen Kheirandishfard , Edward Quarm , Ramtin Madani

Distributed optimization has attracted lots of attention in the operation of power systems in recent years, where a large area is decomposed into smaller control regions each solving a local optimization problem with periodic information…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Junyao Guo , Gabriela Hug , Ozan Tonguz

AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) is a fundamental problem in power system operations. Accurately modeling the network physics via the AC power flow equations makes AC OPF a challenging nonconvex problem. To search for global optima, recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Mohammad Rasoul Narimani , Daniel K. Molzahn , Katherine R. Davis , Mariesa L. Crow