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In several jurisdictions, the regulatory framework on the release and sharing of personal data is being extended to machine learning (ML). The implicit assumption is that disclosing a trained ML model entails a privacy risk for any personal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Josep Domingo-Ferrer

Machine learning models can leak private information about their training data. The standard methods to measure this privacy risk, based on membership inference attacks (MIAs), only check if a given data point \textit{exactly} matches a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Machine learning models are often evaluated using point estimates of performance metrics such as accuracy, F1 score, or mean squared error. Such summaries fail to capture the inherent variability induced by stochastic elements of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Christoph Lehmann , Yahor Paromau

Artificial intelligence systems are prevalent in everyday life, with use cases in retail, manufacturing, health, and many other fields. With the rise in AI adoption, associated risks have been identified, including privacy risks to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shlomit Shachor , Natalia Razinkov , Abigail Goldsteen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse applications. However, the scarcity and quality limitations of graph data present challenges to their training process in practical settings. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Hanyang Yuan , Jiarong Xu , Renhong Huang , Mingli Song , Chunping Wang , Yang Yang

With the wide-spread application of machine learning models, it has become critical to study the potential data leakage of models trained on sensitive data. Recently, various membership inference (MI) attacks are proposed to determine if a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

Often in prediction tasks, the predictive model itself can influence the distribution of the target variable, a phenomenon termed performative prediction. Generally, this influence stems from strategic actions taken by stakeholders with a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-14 Daniele Bracale , Subha Maity , Felipe Maia Polo , Seamus Somerstep , Moulinath Banerjee , Yuekai Sun

Membership inference attacks are used as a key tool for disclosure auditing. They aim to infer whether an individual record was used to train a model. While such evaluations are useful to demonstrate risk, they are computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Anshuman Suri , Xiao Zhang , David Evans

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as a new form of collaborative machine learning, where a common model can be learned while keeping all the training data on local devices. Although it is designed for enhancing the data privacy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Statistical Inference is the process of determining a probability distribution over the space of parameters of a model given a data set. As more data becomes available this probability distribution becomes updated via the application of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-04-28 David S. Berman , Jonathan J. Heckman , Marc Klinger

Algorithmic fairness and privacy are essential pillars of trustworthy machine learning. Fair machine learning aims at minimizing discrimination against protected groups by, for example, imposing a constraint on models to equalize their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-08 Hongyan Chang , Reza Shokri

In the text processing context, most ML models are built on word embeddings. These embeddings are themselves trained on some datasets, potentially containing sensitive data. In some cases this training is done independently, in other cases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Saeed Mahloujifar , Huseyin A. Inan , Melissa Chase , Esha Ghosh , Marcello Hasegawa

Membership inference (MI) determines if a sample was part of a victim model training set. Recent development of MI attacks focus on record-level membership inference which limits their application in many real-world scenarios. For example,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Guoyao Li , Shahbaz Rezaei , Xin Liu

We study how the training data distribution affects confidence and performance in image classification models. We introduce Embedding Density, a model-agnostic framework that estimates prediction confidence by measuring the distance of test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Maksim Kazanskii , Artem Kasianov

When machine learning models are deployed on a test distribution different from the training distribution, they can perform poorly, but overestimate their performance. In this work, we aim to better estimate a model's performance under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Ching-Yao Chuang , Antonio Torralba , Stefanie Jegelka

In the context of machine learning, disparate impact refers to a form of systematic discrimination whereby the output distribution of a model depends on the value of a sensitive attribute (e.g., race or gender). In this paper, we propose an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Hao Wang , Berk Ustun , Flavio P. Calmon

While previous distribution shift detection approaches can identify if a shift has occurred, these approaches cannot localize which specific features have caused a distribution shift -- a critical step in diagnosing or fixing any underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Sean Kulinski , Saurabh Bagchi , David I. Inouye

Large-scale pre-trained models are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks through a new paradigm called prompt learning. In contrast to fine-tuning, prompt learning does not update the pre-trained model's parameters. Instead, it only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yixin Wu , Rui Wen , Michael Backes , Pascal Berrang , Mathias Humbert , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Self-supervised models are increasingly prevalent in machine learning (ML) since they reduce the need for expensively labeled data. Because of their versatility in downstream applications, they are increasingly used as a service exposed via…

Generalization in generative modeling is defined as the ability to learn an underlying distribution from a finite dataset and produce novel samples, with evaluation largely driven by held-out performance and perceived sample quality. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jerome Garnier-Brun , Luca Biggio , Davide Beltrame , Marc Mézard , Luca Saglietti