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Recommender systems learn from historical user-item interactions to identify preferred items for target users. These observed interactions are usually unbalanced following a long-tailed distribution. Such long-tailed data lead to popularity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Weijieying Ren , Lei Wang , Kunpeng Liu , Ruocheng Guo , Lim Ee Peng , Yanjie Fu

The primary goal of a recommender system is often known as "helping users find relevant items", and a lot of recommendation algorithms are proposed accordingly. However, these accuracy-oriented methods usually suffer the problem of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Qiang Dong , Quan Yuan , Yang-Bo Shi

Recommender systems often suffer from popularity bias, where popular items are overly recommended while sacrificing unpopular items. Existing researches generally focus on ensuring the number of recommendations exposure of each item is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Yuanhao Liu , Qi Cao , Huawei Shen , Yunfan Wu , Shuchang Tao , Xueqi Cheng

Popularity bias is a widespread problem in the field of recommender systems, where popular items tend to dominate recommendation results. In this work, we propose 'Test Time Embedding Normalization' as a simple yet effective strategy for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Dain Kim , Jinhyeok Park , Dongwoo Kim

Two typical forms of bias in user interaction data with recommender systems (RSs) are popularity bias and positivity bias, which manifest themselves as the over-representation of interactions with popular items or items that users prefer,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Jin Huang , Harrie Oosterhuis , Masoud Mansoury , Herke van Hoof , Maarten de Rijke

Algorithms that favor popular items are used to help us select among many choices, from engaging articles on a social media news feed to songs and books that others have purchased, and from top-raked search engine results to highly-cited…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Azadeh Nematzadeh , Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Flammini

The issue of popularity bias -- where popular items are disproportionately recommended, overshadowing less popular but potentially relevant items -- remains a significant challenge in recommender systems. Recent advancements have seen the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan Malte Lichtenberg , Alexander Buchholz , Pola Schwöbel

Recommendation algorithms typically build models based on historical user-item interactions (e.g., clicks, likes, or ratings) to provide a personalized ranked list of items. These interactions are often distributed unevenly over different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ziwei Zhu , Jianling Wang , James Caverlee

Popularity bias in recommender systems can increase cultural overrepresentation by favoring norms from dominant cultures and marginalizing underrepresented groups. This issue is critical for platforms offering cultural products, as they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Armin Moradi , Nicola Neophytou , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

The general aim of the recommender system is to provide personalized suggestions to users, which is opposed to suggesting popular items. However, the normal training paradigm, i.e., fitting a recommender model to recover the user behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Tianxin Wei , Fuli Feng , Jiawei Chen , Ziwei Wu , Jinfeng Yi , Xiangnan He

Albeit the widespread application of recommender systems (RecSys) in our daily lives, rather limited research has been done on quantifying unfairness and biases present in such systems. Prior work largely focuses on determining whether a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Valentijn Braun , Debarati Bhaumik , Diptish Dey

Recommender systems are often biased toward popular items. In other words, few items are frequently recommended while the majority of items do not get proportionate attention. That leads to low coverage of items in recommendation lists…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Masoud Mansoury , Himan Abdollahpouri , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Bamshad Mobasher , Robin Burke

Recommender system usually faces popularity bias issues: from the data perspective, items exhibit uneven (long-tail) distribution on the interaction frequency; from the method perspective, collaborative filtering methods are prone to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Tianxin Wei , Chonggang Song , Guohui Ling , Yongdong Zhang

Fairness is a critical system-level objective in recommender systems that has been the subject of extensive recent research. It is especially important in multi-sided recommendation platforms where it may be crucial to optimize utilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Masoud Mansoury

Popularity bias is a well-known challenge in recommender systems, where a small number of popular items receive disproportionate attention, while the majority of less popular items are largely overlooked. This imbalance often results in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Parviz Ahmadov , Masoud Mansoury

While popularity bias is recognized to play a crucial role in recommmender (and other ranking-based) systems, detailed analysis of its impact on collective user welfare has largely been lacking. We propose and theoretically analyze a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Guy Tennenholtz , Martin Mladenov , Nadav Merlis , Robert L. Axtell , Craig Boutilier

Due to the extensive growth of information available online, recommender systems play a more significant role in serving people's interests. Traditional recommender systems mostly use an accuracy-focused approach to produce recommendations.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Samira Vaez Barenji , Saeed Farzi

Recommender systems operate in closed feedback loops, where user interactions reinforce popularity bias, leading to over-recommendation of already popular items while under-exposing niche or novel content. Existing bias mitigation methods,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Rahul Agarwal , Amit Jaspal , Saurabh Gupta , Omkar Vichare

As online music platforms grow, music recommender systems play a vital role in helping users navigate and discover content within their vast musical databases. At odds with this larger goal, is the presence of popularity bias, which causes…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Rebecca Salganik , Fernando Diaz , Golnoosh Farnadi

Traditionally, especially in academic research in recommender systems, the focus has been solely on the satisfaction of the end-user. While user satisfaction has, indeed, been associated with the success of the business, it is not the only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Himan Abdollahpouri