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We define a normal form for Clifford circuits, and we prove that every Clifford operator has a unique normal form. Moreover, we present a rewrite system by which any Clifford circuit can be reduced to normal form. This yields a presentation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-31 Peter Selinger

We start by studying the subgroup structures underlying stabilizer circuits and we use our results to propose a new normal form for stabilizer circuits. This normal form is computed by induction using simple conjugation rules in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-05 Marc Bataille

$\textit{Normalizer circuits}$ [1,2] are generalized Clifford circuits that act on arbitrary finite-dimensional systems $\mathcal{H}_{d_1}\otimes ... \otimes \mathcal{H}_{d_n}$ with a standard basis labeled by the elements of a finite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-13 Juan Bermejo-Vega , Cedric Yen-Yu Lin , Maarten Van den Nest

The Clifford group is the set of gates generated by controlled-Z gates, the phase gate and the Hadamard gate. We will say that a n-qubit state is a Clifford state if it can be prepared using Clifford gates. These states are known as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Frederic Latour , Oscar Perdomo

We introduce a graphical representation of stabilizer states and translate the action of Clifford operators on stabilizer states into graph operations on the corresponding stabilizer-state graphs. Our stabilizer graphs are constructed of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Matthew B. Elliott , Bryan Eastin , Carlton M. Caves

We start by studying the subgroup structures underlying stabilizer circuits. Then we apply our results to provide two normal forms for stabilizer circuits. These forms are computed by induction using simple conjugation rules in the Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Marc Bataille

The real stabilizer fragment of quantum mechanics was shown to have a complete axiomatization in terms of the angle-free fragment of the ZX-calculus. This fragment of the ZX-calculus---although abstractly elegant---is stated in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-02 Cole Comfort

Stabilizer circuits play an important role in quantum error correction protocols, and will be vital for ensuring fault tolerance in future quantum hardware. While stabilizer circuits are defined on the Clifford generating set, {H, S, CX},…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-01 Brendan Reid

Efficient simulation of quantum computers relies on understanding and exploiting the properties of quantum states. This is the case for methods such as tensor networks, based on entanglement, and the tableau formalism, which represents…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-25 Sergi Masot-Llima , Artur Garcia-Saez

The stabilizer formalism is a scheme, generalizing well-known techniques developed by Gottesman [quant-ph/9705052] in the case of qubits, to efficiently simulate a class of transformations ("stabilizer circuits", which include the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Niel de Beaudrap

We investigate stabilizer codes with carrier qudits of equal dimension $D$, an arbitrary integer greater than 1. We prove that there is a direct relation between the dimension of a qudit stabilizer code and the size of its corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Vlad Gheorghiu

We describe generalizations of the Pauli group, the Clifford group and stabilizer states for qudits in a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension d. We examine a link with modular arithmetic, which yields an efficient way of representing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Erik Hostens , Jeroen Dehaene , Bart De Moor

Quantum computations that involve only Clifford operations are classically simulable despite the fact that they generate highly entangled states; this is the content of the Gottesman-Knill theorem. Here we isolate the ingredients of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sean Clark , Richard Jozsa , Noah Linden

Quantum error-correcting codes can be used to protect qubits involved in quantum computation. This requires that logical operators acting on protected qubits be translated to physical operators (circuits) acting on physical quantum states.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Narayanan Rengaswamy , Robert Calderbank , Swanand Kadhe , Henry D. Pfister

Stabiliser operations occupy a prominent role in fault-tolerant quantum computing. They are defined operationally: by the use of Clifford gates, Pauli measurements and classical control. These operations can be efficiently simulated on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Arne Heimendahl , Markus Heinrich , David Gross

Stabilizer circuits arise in almost every area of quantum computation and communication, so there is interest in studying them from an information-theoretic perspective, i.e. as quantum channels. We consider several natural approaches to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Vsevolod I. Yashin , Maria A. Elovenkova

The standard stabilizer formalism provides a setting to show that quantum computation restricted to operations within the Clifford group are classically efficiently simulable: this is the content of the well-known Gottesman-Knill theorem.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Éloi Descamps , Borivoje Dakić

The stabiliser formalism plays a central role in quantum computing, error correction, and fault tolerance. Conversions between and verifications of different specifications of stabiliser states and Clifford gates are important components of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-09 Nadish de Silva , Wilfred Salmon , Ming Yin

Storing quantum information in a quantum error correction code can protect it from errors, but the ability to transform the stored quantum information in a fault tolerant way is equally important. Logical Pauli group operators can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-16 Mark A. Webster , Armanda O. Quintavalle , Stephen D. Bartlett

We study reversible quantum cellular automata with the restriction that these are also Clifford operations. This means that tensor products of Pauli operators (or discrete Weyl operators) are mapped to tensor products of Pauli operators.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dirk-M. Schlingemann , Holger Vogts , Reinhard F. Werner
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