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We derive new Poincar\'e-series representations for infinite families of non-holomorphic modular invariant functions that include modular graph forms as they appear in the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-09 Daniele Dorigoni , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

Modular graph functions are $SL(2,{\mathbb Z})$-invariant functions associated with Feynman graphs of a two-dimensional conformal field theory on a torus of modulus $\tau$. For one-loop graphs they reduce to real analytic Eisenstein series.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-02-09 Eric D'Hoker , Justin Kaidi

The low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one introduces infinite families of non-holomorphic modular forms called modular graph forms. Their differential and number-theoretic properties motivated Brown's…

We study non-holomorphic modular forms built from iterated integrals of holomorphic modular forms for SL$(2,\mathbb Z)$ known as equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals. A special subclass of them furnishes an equivalent description of…

A space of modular iterated integrals sits inside the space of real analytic modular forms. We present a theorem for producing length three modular iterated integrals which are not simply combinations of real analytic Eisenstein series;…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-18 Joshua Drewitt

In this note we study $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})$-invariant functions such as modular graph functions or coefficient functions of higher derivative corrections in type IIB string theory. The functions solve inhomogeneous Laplace equations and we…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-15 Daniele Dorigoni , Axel Kleinschmidt

We introduce a new family of real analytic modular forms on the upper half plane. They are arguably the simplest class of `mixed' versions of modular forms of level one and are constructed out of real and imaginary parts of iterated…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-06 Francis Brown

Modular graph forms are a class of non-holomorphic modular forms that arise in the low-energy expansion of genus-one closed string amplitudes. In this work, we introduce a systematic procedure to convert lattice-sum representations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-11 Emiel Claasen , Mehregan Doroudiani

This introductory paper studies a class of real analytic functions on the upper half plane satisfying a certain modular transformation property. They are not eigenfunctions of the Laplacian and are quite distinct from Maass forms. These…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-27 Francis Brown

In this paper we consider weakly holomorphic modular forms (i.e. those meromorphic modular forms for which poles only possibly occur at the cusps) of weight $2-k\in 2\Z$ for the full modular group $\SL_2(\Z)$. The space has a distinguished…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-19 Ben Kane

Given cusp forms $f$ and $g$ of integral weight $k \geq 2$, the depth two holomorphic iterated Eichler-Shimura integral $I_{f,g}$ is defined by ${\int_\tau^{i\infty}f(z)(X-z)^{k-2}I_g(z;Y)\mathrm{d}z}$, where $I_g$ is the Eichler integral…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Tobias Magnusson , Martin Raum

The integral of an arbitrary two-loop modular graph function over the fundamental domain for $SL(2,Z)$ in the upper half plane is evaluated using recent results on the Poincar\'e series for these functions.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-13 Eric D'Hoker

Modular graph functions associate to a graph an $SL(2,Z)$-invariant function on the upper half plane. We obtain the Fourier series of modular graph functions of arbitrary weight $w$ and two-loop order. The motivation for this work is to…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-16 Eric D'Hoker , William Duke

We study generating series of torus integrals that contain all so-called modular graph forms relevant for massless one-loop closed-string amplitudes. By analysing the differential equation of the generating series we construct a solution…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-08-26 Jan E. Gerken , Axel Kleinschmidt , Oliver Schlotterer

We show that all Eichler integrals, and more generally all "generalized second order modular forms" can be expressed as linear combinations of corresponding generalized second order Eisenstein series with coefficients in classical modular…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-30 Albin Ahlbäck , Tobias Magnusson , Martin Raum

The low energy expansion of Type II superstring amplitudes at genus one is organized in terms of modular graph functions associated with Feynman graphs of a conformal scalar field on the torus. In earlier work, surprising identities between…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-10-16 Eric D'Hoker , Justin Kaidi

We identify a class of "semi-modular" forms invariant on special subgroups of $GL_2(\mathbb Z)$, which includes classical modular forms together with complementary classes of functions that are also nice in a specific sense. We define an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Matthew Just , Robert Schneider

In this paper we study iterated Eisenstein {\tau}-integrals and multiple Eisenstein L-series, they are functions on the complex upper half plane and form two Q-algebras. They reduce to iterated Eisenstein integrals and multiple Hecke…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-13 Zhongyu Jin

We consider logarithmic vector- and matrix-valued modular forms of integral weight $k$ associated with a $p$-dimensional representation $\rho: SL_2(\mathbb{Z}) \to GL_p(\mathbb{C})$ of the modular group, subject only to the condition that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-10-22 Marvin Knopp , Geoffrey Mason

We use the description of the Picard modular surface for discriminant $-3$ as a moduli space of curves of genus $3$ to generate all vector-valued Picard modular forms from bi-covariants for the action of ${GL}_2$ on the space of pairs of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Fabien Cléry , Gerard van der Geer
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